Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Chapter 8, Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 8, Part 2 Flashcards

0
Q

The end of a muscle attached to the movable bone.

A

Insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The end of a muscle attached to the stationary bone.

A

Origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The flesh portion of the muscle.

A

Belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False: Most movements occur when several skeletal muscles are acting in groups, rather than individually.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The major muscle that cause the desired movement.

A

Prime mover (agonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A muscle that produces an effect opposite to that of the prime mover.

A

Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscles that help the prime mover function more effectively.

A

Synergists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover.

A

Fixators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: Muscles don’t lie proximal to the bone that they move.

A

False.

They do lie proximal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Proximal.

A

Closest to the point.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What characteristic relates to the orientation of muscle fibers relative to the body’s midline? List its examples.

A

Direction: Rectus, Transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What example of Direction relates to being parallel to the midline?

A

Rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What example of Direction relates to being perpendicular to the midline?

A

Transverse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What characteristic relates to the relative size of the muscle? List its examples.

A

Size: Maximus, Minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What example of Size relates to being the largest muscle?

A

Maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What example of Size relates to being the smallest muscle?

A

Minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What characteristic relates to the relative shape of the muscle? List its examples.

A

Shape: Deltoid, Trapezius, Orbicularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What example of Shape relates to being triangular?

A

Deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What example of Shape relates to having the shape of a trapezoid?

A

Trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What example of Shape relates to being circular?

A

Orbicularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What characteristic relates to the principal action of a muscle? List its examples.

A

Action: Flexor, Adductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What example of Action relates to a muscle that decreases the joint angle?

A

Flexor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What example of Action relates to a muscle that moves the bone closer to the midline?

A

Adductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What characteristic relates to the number of tendons of origin? List its examples.

A

Number of Origins: Biceps, Triceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What example of Number of Origins relates to the muscle having 2 origins?

A

Biceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What example of Number of Origins relates to the muscle having 3 origins?

A

Triceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What characteristic relates to the structure near which a muscle is found? Name its example.

A

Location: Temporalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What characteristic of Location relates to the muscle being near the temporal bone?

A

Temporalis

28
Q

What characteristic relates to the site where the muscle originates and inserts? Name its example.

A

Origin and Insertion: Brachioradialis

29
Q

What example of Origin and Insertion relates to the muscle originating on the humerus and inserting on the radius.

A

Brachioradialis

30
Q

Describe the actions of the facial muscle: orbicularis oculi.

A

Closes the eyes.

31
Q

Describe the actions of the facial muscle: zygomaticus major.

A

Draws mouth upwards, “smiling”.

32
Q

Describe the actions of the facial muscle: orbicularis oris.

A

Closes the lips, “kissing”.

33
Q

Describe the actions of the facial muscle: frontalis.

A

Draws scalp forward, wrinkles skin of forehead as in a look of surprise.

34
Q

Describe the actions of the facial muscle: masseter.

A

Elevates mandible, closes mouth, “chewing”.

35
Q

Describe the actions of the facial muscle: temporalis.

A

Elevates and retracts mandible.

36
Q

True or False: Muscles of facial expression provide humans with a wide variety of emotions.

A

True.

Extra: Origins of facial muscles are in fascia or bones of the skull; their insertions are into the skin.

37
Q

True or False: Neck muscles move the head, but not the vertebral column.

A

False.

They move both.

38
Q

Describe the actions of the neck muscle: sternocleidomastoid.

A

If both R and L sides contract, it flexes the head; if only one side contracts, it rotates the head.

39
Q

True or False: The anterior abdominal wall is composed of skin, fascia, and 4 pairs of muscles.

A

True.

40
Q

Describe the actions of the abdominal muscle: rectus abdominis.

A

Flexes vertebral column and compresses the abdomen.

41
Q

Describe the actions of the abdominal muscle: external oblique.

A

If both R and L sides contract, flexes the trunk; if only one side contracts, bends and laterally rotates the vertebral column.

42
Q

True or False: The muscles of the shoulders and chest are large muscles and rarely would all the fibers of the muscle contract at the same time.

A

True.

The action of the muscle depends on which muscle fibers contract.

43
Q

Describe the actions of the shoulder and chest muscle: trapezius.

A

Elevates the clavicle, depresses or elevates the scapula, or extends the head.

44
Q

Describe the actions of the shoulder and chest muscle: serratus anterior.

A

Moves scapula laterally and forward, “boxer’s muscle”.

45
Q

Describe the action of the shoulder and chest muscle: deltoid.

A

Abducts, flexes, extends, and rotates the arm at the shoulder joint.

46
Q

Describes the action of the shoulder and chest muscle: pectoralis major.

A

Adducts and rotates arm medially at shoulder joint.

47
Q

Describe the action of the shoulder and chest muscle: latissimus dorsi.

A

Extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially at the shoulder joint, “swimmer’s muscle”.

48
Q

True or False: The arm and hand muscles are small muscles and rarely would all the fibers of the muscle contract at the same time.

A

False.

They are large muscles, and the action of the muscle depends on which fibers contract.

49
Q

Describe the actions of the arm and hand muscle: biceps brachii.

A

Flexes and supinates the forearm at elbow, flexes arm at shoulder.

50
Q

Describe the actions of the arm and hand muscle: Brachioradialis.

A

Flexes the forearm at elbow.

51
Q

Describe the actions of the arm and hand muscle: triceps brachii.

A

Extends the forearm at elbow, extends arm at shoulder.

52
Q

Describe the actions of the arm and hand muscle: flexor carpi ulnaris.

A

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint.

53
Q

Describe the actions of the arm and hand muscle: flexor carpi radialis.

A

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint.

54
Q

Describe the actions of the arm and hand muscle: extensor digitorium.

A

Extends hand at wrist joint, extends phalanges.

55
Q

True or False: Hip and leg muscles are large muscles and almost always have all the fibers of the muscle contract at the same time.

A

False.
Just like shoulder/chest and arm/hand muscles, they rarely have all the muscle fibers contract at the same time, so the action of a muscle depends on which muscle fibers contract.

56
Q

Describe the actions of the hip and leg muscle: gluteus maximus.

A

Extends and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint.

57
Q

Describe the action of the hip and leg muscle: gluteus medius.

A

Abducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip joint.

58
Q

Describe the actions of the hip and leg muscle: tensor fasciae latae.

A

Flexes and abducts thigh at the hip joint.

59
Q

Describe the actions of the hip and leg muscle: adductor group.

A

Adducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip joint.

60
Q

Describe the actions of the hip and leg muscle: gracilis.

A

Adducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip joint, flexes the leg at the knee joint.

61
Q

Describe the actions of the hip and leg muscle: sartorius.

A

Longest muscle of the body! Flexes leg at knee joint,abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint, “crosses the leg”.

62
Q

Describe the actions of the hip and leg muscle: soleus,

A

Plantarflexes(toes down) the foot.

63
Q

Describe the actions of the hip and leg muscle: gastrocnemius.

A

Flexes the leg at the knee joint, nod plantarflexes(toes down) the foot.

64
Q

True or False: The hamstrings are 3 muscles on the posterior side of the thigh.

A

True.
Named because of their very long, string-like tendons.
They all have the same actions.

65
Q

List the 3 hamstrings. Describe their actions.

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris.

Flex leg at knee joint, extend thigh at hip joint.

66
Q

True or False: Quadriceps are 4 muscles on the anterior side of the thigh that share a common tendon that attaches to the patella and then continues below the patella to attach to the tibia.

A

True.

They all extend the leg at the knee joint.

67
Q

List the 3 superficial quadriceps muscles.

Describe their similar action.

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis.

They all extend the leg at the knee joint.

68
Q

Describe the difference of the quadricep muscle: rectus femoris.

A

The only muscle of the quads which crosses the hip joint in addition to crossing the knee joint so it flexes the thigh and extends the leg at the knee joint.

Physiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions