Chapter 8 - Pakistan Movement From 1927 To 1939 Flashcards
0
Q
Simon Commission
A
- Investigate the workings of the Montford Report.
- Conservative Government feared the Labour Party (when in government) might make too many concessions.
- Seven man (British) committee set up under Sir John Simon.
1
Q
1927
A
- Simon Commission set up.
- (December) Congress decided to boycott commission at its Madras session and call for mass protest when the members of it arrive. Congress also went toward complete independence.
2
Q
1928
A
- (May) Members of Congress, League, Hindu Mahasabha, Central Sikh League and the Liberals meet in All-Party Conference under Pundit Motilal Nehru to draft a constitution they deemed appropriate for India. This document was called the Nehru Report
- (September) Nehru Report approved by A.P.C.
3
Q
1929
A
- (January 21st) A.I.M.L. rejects Nehru report.
- (January) 14 points presented by Jinnah at A.I.M.L. Conference in Delhi.
- (March) Points formally accepted.
- (December) Congress meet in Lahore for a historic session in which they rejected dominion status and call for complete independence.
- (Midnight; 31st December) Nehru leads procession to banks of River Ravi where Indian flag was raised and they chanted for Independence.
4
Q
1930
A
- (January) Declaration of Indian Independence written by Gandhi read out across India.
- (12th March) Salt March begins; Gandhi marches from his ashram (retreat) near Ahmedabad to the seaside village of Dandi.
- Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal chairs a meeting of the League at Allahabad and gives the famous address to see a consolidated Muslim state.
- Simon Commission produces two-volume report. Supported separate electorates but not 1/3rd share of seats in Central Assembly and separation of Sindh from Bombay.
- (November) First Round Table Conference in London.
5
Q
How did the Simon Commission unite the Hindus and Muslims?
A
- Communal differences were about to tear them apart but the Simon Commission was so insulting to their national pride that they became an organised opposition to it.
- They realised that in order to oppose it, they must work together.
6
Q
What were the Muslim reservations about the Nehru Report?
A
- They were being asked to make too many concessions.
- The Congress went back on what it had agreed to in the Lucknow Pact.
- It compromised their rights which they reestablished through 14 points.
- Their proposals were rejected (1/3rd representatives of both houses to be Muslims, provincial autonomy, NWF and Sindh to have full provincial status, if no adult suffrage the no. of reserved seats in Punjab and Bengal to be based on the population count for 10 years)
7
Q
Why was the Salt March done and what was its impact and significance?
A
- Unless you had a license from the government you could not make salt. To protest against Salt Laws and other unfair policies, this March was done.
- Hindus wanted to show opposition in every way. They boycotted British schools, colleges and services. They picketed British cloth shops.
- British outlawed Congress, censored newspapers and arrested many, including Congress leaders Nehru and Gandhi.
- Muslims felt it was to establish dominance over them so they did not take part.
8
Q
First R.T.C.
A
- Attended by League (Jinnah, Maulana Muhammad Ali and the Aga Khan), the Liberals and the representatives of the Princely States.
- Congress did not attend; started non cooperation.
- Princes would join future federation of India if their rights were recognised.
- Representative government at provincial level agreed upon.
9
Q
1931
A
- (February) Gandhi met Lord Irwin, the Viceroy. A series of meetings took place to discuss future progress.
- (5th March) Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed.
- (Between September and December) Second Round Table Conference took place in London.
10
Q
Gandhi-Irwin Pact
A
- Even though many Britishers such as Winston Churchill objected to the talks (with such a rebellious nationalist leader), they were carried out.
- Irwin agreed to release political prisoners and return seized property (by government).
- Gandhi agreed to call off non cooperation and give up complete independence as long as a genuine say in government was provided to the Indians.
11
Q
Second R.T.C.
A
- The Labour Party had lost power and the new coalition government was unwilling to make concessions.
- Gandhi remained inflexible and did not recognise rights of minorities.
- NWF and Sindh were made provinces with their own governors.
- British started getting impatient.
12
Q
1932
A
- (January) Congress formally restarted non cooperation.
- (August) Communal Award announced by PM Ramsay McDonald in which Muslim majority in Bengal and Punjab was reduced but they were given weightage in Hindu dominated provinces. This was the British statement on minorities.
- (November) Third Round Table Conference.
- Jinnah goes into political exile in London.
13
Q
Why was the beginning of 1932 so bad?
A
- Lord Irwin replaced by Lord Willington who did not compromise. Non cooperation started in some places so he arrested Congress leaders (like Gandhi and Nehru)
- Communal Award unsatisfactory for Hindus (rejected it) and Muslims (had asked the British to make it so they had to accept)
14
Q
Third R.T.C.
A
- Congress and major princes boycotted.
- Only the Aga Khan and 46 delegates to represent Muslims.
- Jinnah was not invited and he did not care.
