Chapter 7 - Khilafat Movement Flashcards
0
Q
Indian Muslims and Turkey
A
- The Khalifa was the ruler of the Islamic state, which included Makkah, Jerusalem etc, and the Turks were Muslims brothers. Hence many Muslims deserted the army.
- British promised to respect the Khalifa and maintain the empire, as a result of which thousands of Muslims joined.
- The Khilafat Movement started when the British did not keep their promise. The PM Lloyd George wanted to punish Turkey.
1
Q
What were the deep seated fears of the Muslims?
A
- Persia and Afghanistan were ruled by Britain and Russia respectively who did not pay attention to the wishes of the native Muslims.
- For some, the British policy was to turn the Hindus and the Muslims against each other so the latter would cooperate with them.
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (prominent Congress leader) and Maulvi Fazl-ul-Haq (President of the League in 1918) encouraged Muslims to drop their disagreements with the Hindus and unite against the British.
2
Q
Treaty of Versailles
A
- Peace treaty as a consequence of the Second World War (1914-18)
- Armed forces reduced
- Colonies taken away
- Country split to create Poland
- Forced to pay huge amount of money as a compensation for damage to the Allies
(Similar action taken with Austria)
3
Q
1919
A
- (November) The first All India Khilafat Conference in Delhi
- Maulana Mohammad Ali had visited tried to convince the British in Britain to do justice with Turkey but they were not convinced. PM Lloyd George did not take it seriously. He was determined to punish Turkey.
- (December) The second All India Khilafat Conference in Amritsar
4
Q
First A.I.K.C.
A
- Agreement to send delegation to Britain to make them aware of Muslim support for the khalifa.
5
Q
Second A.I.K.C.
A
- Both Congress and the League were meeting in the city (Amritsar)
- Agreement of all three organisations to work together to oppose plans to abolish the caliphate.
- Agreement that Gandhi would take the lead.
6
Q
1920
A
- (January) Delegation sent to ask for fairness in Turkey’s treatment
- (February) Delegation sent to ask for Turkey not to be treated like Germany and Austria
- (22nd June 1920) Indian Muslims told Viceroy that if Sevres was implemented, then non cooperation would begin 1st August.
- (1st August) Non cooperation policy begins.
- (August) Hijrat Movement
7
Q
Treaty of Sevres
A
- Ottoman Empire to be split up.
- Arabia made independent.
- Turkey’s Middle eastern possessions placed under the League of Nations and allocated to Britain and France (non-Muslim states)
- Turkish land given to Greece so only a small area around Istanbul left in Europe
8
Q
Satyagraha/non cooperation/passive resistance
A
- surrendering titles
- resigning from seats in local bodies and refusing to stand for election
- withdrawing children from government schools
- boycotting foreign goods
- refusing to volunteer in armed forces
- boycotting British courts
9
Q
Non cooperation rally
A
- Gandhi toured India to gather support
- supported by Hindus and Muslims
- not meek submission to evil but pitting one’s whole soul against the tyrant
- Gandhi urged to advocate for self rule (Swaraj)
10
Q
Hijrat Movement
A
- Protecting Islam; promoting Muslim culture
- Propagation of western ideas especially in Sindh and NWF by the British made India Dar ul Harb
- 18000 Muslims sold their land, took their possessions in a cart with their family and set off to Aghanistan
- Difficult journey but they were told that the Afghan govt. were to welcome them and give them fertile land
- They were sent back and had nothing left (economic misery)
11
Q
1921
A
- Prince of Wales visits Bombay; nationwide strike and protest in Bombay led to anti British riots (53 people killed)
- (8th July) Third A.I.K.C.
- (November) riots in Nilambur and Tirur
12
Q
Third A.I.K.C.
A
- Passed a series of resolutions (no Muslims go to British schools, serve in the police or army, or cooperate (sedition))
- Khilafat leaders arrested; Ali brothers imprisoned
13
Q
Riots
A
- 53 killed when Prince of Wales visited
- In Nilambur riots broke out which led to a pitched battle between locals and British soldiers
- In Malabar
- In Chauri Chaura
14
Q
1922
A
- (February) Chauri Chaura incident
- (March) Gandhi arrested and imprisoned for 6 years for fermenting hatred and organising opposition against His Majesty’s government. He was released 2 years later
- Muhammad VI deposed by Kemal Ataturk
