Chapter 8 - Nucleic Acid

Question 1

Nucleic Acids

Answer 1

polynucleotides; building block for DNA and RNA

Question 2

Nucleotides

Answer 2

compound consisting phosphate, sugar and base (nucleoside); building block for nucleic acid

Question 3

Nucleosome

Answer 3

compound consisting sugar and base

Question 4

Nucleobase

Answer 4

nitrogen-containing compound that forms nucleosides

Question 5

3 main functions of nucleotides

Answer 5

1) provide cellular energy (ATP)
2) enzyme cofactors (NAD - redox reaction)
3) signal transduction (cAMP - Adenosine)

Question 6

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)

Answer 6

component of the ribosome which carries out protein synthesis

Question 7

Transfer RNAs (tRNA)

Answer 7

small RNA molecule that translates information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids

Question 8

Messenger RNAs (mRNA)

Answer 8

carry genetic information of a gene for protein synthesis

Question 9

Nucleic Acid functions (5)

Answer 9

1) store genetic information
2) transmit genetic information (mRNA)
3) carry amino acids to the ribosome (tRNA)
4) synthesis protein (rRNA)
5) process genetic information (ribozyme)

Question 10

The nitrogenous heterocyclic base that is component of nucleotides and nucleic acids.

Answer 10

pyrimidines

Question 11

The nitrogenous heterocyclic base contains pyrimidine and imidazole rings that are component of nucleotides and nucleic acids.

Answer 11

purines

Question 12

Name the pyrimidine

Answer 12

cytosine (C), Thymine (T- in DNA), Uracil (U - in RNA)

Question 13

Name the purines

Answer 13

Adenine (A), Guanine (G)