Chapter 1 - Foundation of Chemistry

Question 1

Chemistry allows for (examples):
- A high degree of complexity and organization

• Use of energy to create/maintain structures and to do work

The interactions of individual components to be dynamic and coordinated.

The ability to sense and respond to changes in surrounding

Precise self-replication while allowing enough change for evolution

Answer 1

• chains of carbon
• metabolic fats
• intermolecular structure
• shift equilibrium
• H-bonding can dictate copy DNA

Question 2

Structure dictate

Answer 2

function

Question 3

common features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic

• cytoplasm
• Plasma membrane
• Ribosomes
• genetic information storage

Answer 3

• solvent: fluid inside a cell but outside the cell’s nucleus, surrounded by the cell membrane
• keeps everything together and protect the cell from the external environment (barrier)
• site for protein synthesis
• nucleus (bilipid layer nuclear membrane-bound that encloses genetic info - eukaryotes) and nucleoid (prokaryotes)
  eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

solvent

Answer 4

a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution
- example: water

Question 5

solute

Answer 5

dissolved substance
- example: salt in food, sugar in tea

Question 6

cytosol

• it is ______ in eukaryotes which affects the ______

Answer 6

the matrix of the cytoplasm; surrounds the cell organelles

• crowded, chemistry

Question 7

1. In vivo
   a. concentration?
2. In Vitro
   a. concentration?

Answer 7

1. in living cells or organisms
   a. very concentrated
2. in a test tube
   a. very diluted (millimolar scale)

Question 8

supramolecular complexes
example

Answer 8

macromolecules that held together by non-covalent bond or interactions
- cell wall

Question 9

macromolecules
example

Answer 9

a large complex molecule made up of atoms
- cellulose

Question 10

monomeric units
example

Answer 10

the smallest unit that be formed together to form a complex molecule called polymers