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Clinical Parasitology🦠 > Chapter 8 - Nematodes > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Concerned primarily with animal parasite of humans as well as their medical importance

A

Clinical Parasitology

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2
Q

Organism that usually harbors the parasite

A

Host

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3
Q

Intermediate host - kind of parasite

A

Rabidiform/filariform

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4
Q

Remains viable but no further development (cyst)

A

Paratenic

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5
Q

Important source of infection for susceptible host

A

Reservoir

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6
Q

Life cycle; lives in organ different from the one it usually lives - Example

A

Erratic; Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

What parasite is Obligatory

A

Plasmodium spp.

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8
Q

What parasite is Facultative

A

Strongyloides stercolaris

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9
Q

Infect is not a normal location; wandering parasite

A

Aberrant - Ascaris lumbricoides

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10
Q

Another parasite as a host

A

Hyperparasite

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11
Q

Example of Hyperparasite

A

Ctenophalides canis
Dipylidium caninum

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12
Q

Usually visit host during feeding time

A

Intermittent

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13
Q

Two stages are usually passed into different host

A

Periodic

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14
Q

Larval stage is usually passed in the host while adult is free living

A

Transitory

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15
Q

Parasite passes through alimentary tract without infecting host; non pathogenic

A

Copozoic; Spurious

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16
Q

Protozoa is examine under what objective

A

OIO

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17
Q

Animalia is examine under what objective

A

LPO

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18
Q

Disease or condition found among with particular people such as member of family

A

Endemic

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19
Q

Wide spread occurrence of infectious diseases

A

Epidemic

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20
Q

Global epidemic, spread on 1 or more continent

A

Pandemic

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21
Q

Example of Intermittent / temporary parasite

A

Anopheles spp.

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22
Q

Nematodes are basically called as

A

ROUNDWORM

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23
Q

Characteristics of ROUNDWORM

A
  • Elongated
  • Cylindrical
  • unsegmented
  • tapering ends
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24
Q

Thick hyaline protective coating of roundworm

A

Cuticula

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25
Q

Male is smaller than female, true or false?

A

True

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26
Q

Homoxenous

A

One host

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27
Q

Heteroxenous

A

2 host

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28
Q

All are equipped with amphids, what receptor

A

CEPHALIC RECEPTOR

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29
Q

Some are equipped with phasmid, what receptor

A

Candal chemoreceptors

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30
Q

Parasites that are APHASMIDEA

A

TTC
Trichuris
Trichinella
Capillaria

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31
Q

Parasites that are PHASMIDEA

A

SAHE
Strongyloides
Ascaris
Hookworm
Enterobius

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32
Q

Intestinal Nematodes

A

CASNATE

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33
Q

Intestinal - Extra Intestinal

A

Trichinella spiralis
Dracunculus medinensis

34
Q

Lymphatic Nematodes

A

Wurchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi

35
Q

Subcutaneous

A

LOM
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella streptocerca - Dipetalonema

36
Q

Serous cavities

A

Mansonella ozzardi
Mansonella perstans

37
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

A

Dog heart worm

38
Q

Angiostrongylus cantosinensis

A

Rat lung worm

39
Q

Can produce eggs but without fully developed larva

A

Oviparous

40
Q

Oviparous parasites are

A

ATH

41
Q

Parasites that cant lay egg but develop larva

A

Viviparous/Larviparous

42
Q

Viviparous/Larviparous parasites

A

TDFW

43
Q

Can lay eggs with developed larva

A

Ovoviparous/Oviviparous

44
Q

Parasites that are Ovoviparous

A

ES
Enterobius vermicularis
Stronglyloides stercolaris

45
Q

Ingestion of embryonated egg

A

ATE

46
Q

Ingestion of larvae with INTERMEDIATE HOST

A

DC

47
Q

Ingestion of ENCYSTED LARVAE WITH DEFINITIVE HOST

A

Trichinella spiralis

48
Q

Skin penetration FILARIFORM LARVA

A

HS
Hookworm
Strongyloides stercolaris

49
Q

Skin inoculation of THIRD STAGE LARVAE

A

FILARIAL WORMS

50
Q

Inhalation of Embryonated egg (RARE)

A

Ascaris
Enterobius

51
Q

Parasites that can migrate from heart to lungs

A

HAS

52
Q

Do not develop into adult worms but elicit creeping/swelling eruption inflammation

A

Larva migrans

53
Q

Parasite that can cause neurologic ocular

A

Bayliascaris procyonis (Racoon roundworm)

54
Q

Largest nematodes

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides (12 inches)

55
Q

Most common parasite in children

A

Ascaris l.

56
Q

Pathogenecity of Ascaris

A

Intestinal Ascariasis
Ascaris Pneumonia/Loeffler syndrome
Spoliative/nutrition deficiency
Erratic Ascariasis

57
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis of Ascaris

A

Stool (FA)
Sputum
ELISA

58
Q

LIFE CYCLE

A

Ingestion - small intestine (egg to larvae) - larvae travel to lungs - small intestine (to mature) - lay egg passed in stool - soil

59
Q

Three types of Ova (Ascaris l.)

A

Unfertilized
Corticated
Decorticated

60
Q

Common name for Trichuris trichuria

A

Whipworm

61
Q

Life cycle of Trichuris t.

A

Ingestion - small intestine (egg to larvae) - cecum (mature) - lay eggs - soil

62
Q

Pathogenecity of Trichuris

A

Whipworm infection, Trichuriasis
Rectal prolapse

63
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of Trichuris

A

Stool (qualitative / quantitative) : DFS
Sigmoidoscopy

64
Q

Characteristics of Ova (Trichuris t)

A
  • bipolar plugs (protruded)
  • barrel shaped/football
  • Japanese lantern ova
  • 3 layers w/ embryo
  • LPO
65
Q

UNHOLY THREE

A

ATE
Ascaris
Trichuris
Enterobius

66
Q

Most common parasite in the world / Most common cause of parasitic infection in US

A

Enterobius vermicularis

67
Q

Lifecycle of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Ingestion - small intestine (eggs to larvae) - large intestine (mature)- after copulation, nocturnal gravid female worm goes to PERIANAL REGION

68
Q

Pathogenecity of E. Vermicularis

A
  • Enterobiasis/Oxyuriases/Pinworm
  • Pruritis ani (intense itchiness)
  • Retroinfection
  • Autoinfection
69
Q

Laboratory diagnosis

A
  • Perianal swab/Scotch tape swab
  • Fingernail scrapping
  • LPO
70
Q

Adult worm (E. Vermicularis)

A
  • cervical alae (papillae)
  • double esophageal bulb
71
Q

E. Vermicularis Ova

A
  • thicked walled colorless shell
  • D shaped
  • flattened on one side
  • embryonated
72
Q

Pathogenecity of Hookworms

A
  • Ancylostomiasis/Uncinariasis
  • Microcytic hypochromic anemia
  • Pneumositis/Eosinophilia (larval migration to lungs)
73
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis of Hookworms

A
  • Ova - direct fecal smear & concentration technique
  • Species identification - Harada mori
  • Reverse enzyme immunoassay for IgE
  • CBC (RBC, MCV, MCHC)
74
Q

Life cycle of Hookworm

A

3rd stage larva - skin - lymphatic system and blood system - lung migration - small intestine (maturation) - eggs in stool - soil - 1st stage rhabditiform larvae - filariform larvae

75
Q

HOOKWORMS OVA

A

Clean thin shell w/blastomeres
Morula balls (4-8)

76
Q

Smallest nematode

A

Threadworm (Strongyloides stercolaris)

77
Q

Reproduction of female S. Stercolaris

A

Parthogenic - natural asexual reproduction

78
Q

Pathogenecity of S. Stercolaris

A
  • Strongyloidosis, Vietnam diarrhea, Cochin china diarrhea
  • Racing larva, larva currens
  • Autoinfection
  • Bronchopneumonia (larva ang lung migration)
79
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of strongyloides

A
  • Quantitative and Qualitative stool
  • Concentration method (zinc sulfate)
  • stool cultured (baermann technique) Harada mori
  • ELISA
  • CBC
  • Beale string test
80
Q

Type of parasites of stercolaris

A
  • direct (filariform larva hatch on stool)
  • Indirect/freeliving (filariform larva, soil)
  • Autoinfection (rhabditiform larva - filariform -perianal -heart)
81
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OVA (S.STERCOALRIS)

A
  • CHINESE LANTERN OVA
  • SMALLER THAN HOOKWORM
  • RARELY SEEN IN STOOL
  • WELL DEVELOPED LARVA

Clinical Parasitology🦠 (3 decks)

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