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Clinical Parasitology🦠 > Chapter 8 - Nematodes > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Concerned primarily with animal parasite of humans as well as their medical importance

A

Clinical Parasitology

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2
Q

Organism that usually harbors the parasite

A

Host

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3
Q

Intermediate host - kind of parasite

A

Rabidiform/filariform

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4
Q

Remains viable but no further development (cyst)

A

Paratenic

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5
Q

Important source of infection for susceptible host

A

Reservoir

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6
Q

Life cycle; lives in organ different from the one it usually lives - Example

A

Erratic; Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

What parasite is Obligatory

A

Plasmodium spp.

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8
Q

What parasite is Facultative

A

Strongyloides stercolaris

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9
Q

Infect is not a normal location; wandering parasite

A

Aberrant - Ascaris lumbricoides

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10
Q

Another parasite as a host

A

Hyperparasite

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11
Q

Example of Hyperparasite

A

Ctenophalides canis
Dipylidium caninum

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12
Q

Usually visit host during feeding time

A

Intermittent

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13
Q

Two stages are usually passed into different host

A

Periodic

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14
Q

Larval stage is usually passed in the host while adult is free living

A

Transitory

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15
Q

Parasite passes through alimentary tract without infecting host; non pathogenic

A

Copozoic; Spurious

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16
Q

Protozoa is examine under what objective

A

OIO

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17
Q

Animalia is examine under what objective

A

LPO

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18
Q

Disease or condition found among with particular people such as member of family

A

Endemic

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19
Q

Wide spread occurrence of infectious diseases

A

Epidemic

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20
Q

Global epidemic, spread on 1 or more continent

A

Pandemic

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21
Q

Example of Intermittent / temporary parasite

A

Anopheles spp.

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22
Q

Nematodes are basically called as

A

ROUNDWORM

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23
Q

Characteristics of ROUNDWORM

A
  • Elongated
  • Cylindrical
  • unsegmented
  • tapering ends
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24
Q

Thick hyaline protective coating of roundworm

A

Cuticula

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25
Male is smaller than female, true or false?
True
26
Homoxenous
One host
27
Heteroxenous
2 host
28
All are equipped with amphids, what receptor
CEPHALIC RECEPTOR
29
Some are equipped with phasmid, what receptor
Candal chemoreceptors
30
Parasites that are APHASMIDEA
TTC Trichuris Trichinella Capillaria
31
Parasites that are PHASMIDEA
SAHE Strongyloides Ascaris Hookworm Enterobius
32
Intestinal Nematodes
CASNATE
33
Intestinal - Extra Intestinal
Trichinella spiralis Dracunculus medinensis
34
Lymphatic Nematodes
Wurchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi
35
Subcutaneous
LOM Loa loa Onchocerca volvulus Mansonella streptocerca - Dipetalonema
36
Serous cavities
Mansonella ozzardi Mansonella perstans
37
Dirofilaria immitis
Dog heart worm
38
Angiostrongylus cantosinensis
Rat lung worm
39
Can produce eggs but without fully developed larva
Oviparous
40
Oviparous parasites are
ATH
41
Parasites that cant lay egg but develop larva
Viviparous/Larviparous
42
Viviparous/Larviparous parasites
TDFW
43
Can lay eggs with developed larva
Ovoviparous/Oviviparous
44
Parasites that are Ovoviparous
ES Enterobius vermicularis Stronglyloides stercolaris
45
Ingestion of embryonated egg
ATE
46
Ingestion of larvae with INTERMEDIATE HOST
DC
47
Ingestion of ENCYSTED LARVAE WITH DEFINITIVE HOST
Trichinella spiralis
48
Skin penetration FILARIFORM LARVA
HS Hookworm Strongyloides stercolaris
49
Skin inoculation of THIRD STAGE LARVAE
FILARIAL WORMS
50
Inhalation of Embryonated egg (RARE)
Ascaris Enterobius
51
Parasites that can migrate from heart to lungs
HAS
52
Do not develop into adult worms but elicit creeping/swelling eruption inflammation
Larva migrans
53
Parasite that can cause neurologic ocular
Bayliascaris procyonis (Racoon roundworm)
54
Largest nematodes
Ascaris Lumbricoides (12 inches)
55
Most common parasite in children
Ascaris l.
56
Pathogenecity of Ascaris
Intestinal Ascariasis Ascaris Pneumonia/Loeffler syndrome Spoliative/nutrition deficiency Erratic Ascariasis
57
Laboratory Diagnosis of Ascaris
Stool (FA) Sputum ELISA
58
LIFE CYCLE
Ingestion - small intestine (egg to larvae) - larvae travel to lungs - small intestine (to mature) - lay egg passed in stool - soil
59
Three types of Ova (Ascaris l.)
Unfertilized Corticated Decorticated
60
Common name for Trichuris trichuria
Whipworm
61
Life cycle of Trichuris t.
Ingestion - small intestine (egg to larvae) - cecum (mature) - lay eggs - soil
62
Pathogenecity of Trichuris
Whipworm infection, Trichuriasis Rectal prolapse
63
Laboratory diagnosis of Trichuris
Stool (qualitative / quantitative) : DFS Sigmoidoscopy
64
Characteristics of Ova (Trichuris t)
- bipolar plugs (protruded) - barrel shaped/football - Japanese lantern ova - 3 layers w/ embryo - LPO
65
UNHOLY THREE
ATE Ascaris Trichuris Enterobius
66
Most common parasite in the world / Most common cause of parasitic infection in US
Enterobius vermicularis
67
Lifecycle of Enterobius vermicularis
Ingestion - small intestine (eggs to larvae) - large intestine (mature)- after copulation, nocturnal gravid female worm goes to PERIANAL REGION
68
Pathogenecity of E. Vermicularis
- Enterobiasis/Oxyuriases/Pinworm - Pruritis ani (intense itchiness) - Retroinfection - Autoinfection
69
Laboratory diagnosis
- Perianal swab/Scotch tape swab - Fingernail scrapping - LPO
70
Adult worm (E. Vermicularis)
- cervical alae (papillae) - double esophageal bulb
71
E. Vermicularis Ova
- thicked walled colorless shell - D shaped - flattened on one side - embryonated
72
Pathogenecity of Hookworms
- Ancylostomiasis/Uncinariasis - Microcytic hypochromic anemia - Pneumositis/Eosinophilia (larval migration to lungs)
73
Laboratory Diagnosis of Hookworms
- Ova - direct fecal smear & concentration technique - Species identification - Harada mori - Reverse enzyme immunoassay for IgE - CBC (RBC, MCV, MCHC)
74
Life cycle of Hookworm
3rd stage larva - skin - lymphatic system and blood system - lung migration - small intestine (maturation) - eggs in stool - soil - 1st stage rhabditiform larvae - filariform larvae
75
HOOKWORMS OVA
Clean thin shell w/blastomeres Morula balls (4-8)
76
Smallest nematode
Threadworm (Strongyloides stercolaris)
77
Reproduction of female S. Stercolaris
Parthogenic - natural asexual reproduction
78
Pathogenecity of S. Stercolaris
- Strongyloidosis, Vietnam diarrhea, Cochin china diarrhea - Racing larva, larva currens - Autoinfection - Bronchopneumonia (larva ang lung migration)
79
Laboratory diagnosis of strongyloides
- Quantitative and Qualitative stool - Concentration method (zinc sulfate) - stool cultured (baermann technique) Harada mori - ELISA - CBC - Beale string test
80
Type of parasites of stercolaris
- direct (filariform larva hatch on stool) - Indirect/freeliving (filariform larva, soil) - Autoinfection (rhabditiform larva - filariform -perianal -heart)
81
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OVA (S.STERCOALRIS)
- CHINESE LANTERN OVA - SMALLER THAN HOOKWORM - RARELY SEEN IN STOOL - WELL DEVELOPED LARVA

Clinical Parasitology🦠 (3 decks)

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