Chapter 8 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
Flexor
Causes flexion or bending of a limb or body part
Extensor
Causes straightening of a limb or body part.
Adductor
Moves a part of the body towards the midline of the body.
Abductor
Moves a part of the body away from the midline of the body.
Pronator
Turns a part downward or backward by rotating.
Supinator
Turns a part upward or forward by rotating.
Colles’ Fracture
A fracture of the wrist at the distal radius. Sometimes the ulnar styloid also is involved.
Smith’s Fracture
Similar to a Colles’ fracture, except the bones are displaced toward the palm.
Jones Fracture
A stress fracture of the fifth metatarsal of the foot.
Salter-Harris Fracture
An epiphyseal plate fracture; a common injury seen in children.
Dupuytren’s Fracture
Fracture of the distal fibula with rupture of the distal tibiofibular ligaments and lateral displacement of the talus.
Monteggia’s Fracture
Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with associated dislocation of the radial head.
Tendons vs ligaments
Tendons attach muscles to bone, and ligaments attach bones to other bones.
Dorsopathies
Disorders affecting the spinal column
Spondylosis
Osteoarthritis of the spine
Enthesopathies
Disorders of ligaments
Compartment Syndrome
Compression of muscles, nerves and blood vessels within an enclosed space. Leads to muscle and nerve damage.
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by infection
Sprain vs strain
A sprain involves the noncontractile tissue (ligament) and a strain involves the contractile tissue (muscle or tendon)
Nursemaid’s Elbow
A partial dislocation of the elbow, or proximal radial head dislocation. It is most common in small children and is caused by a sudden pull on the child’s arm or hand.
Subluxation
a partial or incomplete dislocation of the joint.
Dislocation
a complete dislocation of the joint.
Comminuted Fracture
The bone is crushed or splintered into several pieces.
Compression Fracture
The bone is compressed onto another bone caused by trauma or osteoporosis and common in vertebrae.
Depressed Fracture
Fracture typically resulting from blunt force trauma to the skull. There is a portion of the bone that is pushed in.
Greenstick Fracture
The bone is broken on one surface and bent on the other (think of the way a “green” twig will break when bent too far); this fracture occurs in children before the bones have hardened.
Impacted Fracture
One part of a bone is driven forcefully into another.
Simple Fracture
The bone is broken in only one place.
Torus or Incomplete Fracture
One side of the bone buckles. This is mostly common in children because of their softer bones.
AC
acromioclavicular
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
AFO
ankle-foot orthosis
AKA
above-knee amputation
ANA
antinuclear antibody
BKA
below-knee amputation
C-Spine
cervical spine
CMC
carpometacarpal (joint)
CT
computed tomography (scan)
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
DDD
degenerative disc disease
DEXA/DXA
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (scan)
DIP
distal interphalangeal (joint)
DJD
degenerative joint disease
DME
durable medical equipment
DTRs
deep tendon reflexes
EMG
electromyogram, electromyography
FROM
full range of motion
FX
Fracture
FWB
full weight bearing
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
INJ
injection
IM
intramuscular
IP
interphalangeal
IT
iliotibial
LE
lower extremity
LP
lumbar puncture
L-Spine
lumbar spine
LS
lumbosacral (spine)
LT
left side
MCL
medial collateral ligament
MCP
metacarpophalangeal (joint)
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
MTP
metatarsophalangeal (joint)
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
PIP
proximal interphalangeal joint
PT
physical therapy
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RF
rheumatoid factor
ROM
range of motion
RT
right side
SI
sacroiliac (joint)
SLAP
superior labral anterior posterior (superior glenoid labrum lesion or SLAP lesion of shoulder)
TENS
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
THR
total hip replacement
T-Spine
thoracic spine
TMJ
temporomandibular joint
UE
upper extremity
Monocortical Graft
A graft of cortical bone removed from the outer cortex of the ilium (Ilium—part of pelvic or hip bone).
Bicortical Graft
A graft of cortical bone removed as one piece from the inner and outer portions of the ilium (for example, having two layers of external bone surface).
Tricortical Graft
A graft of cortical bone from the ilium that includes the anterior-superior iliac spine and both the inner and outer iliac cortex as a single piece (for example, having three layers of external surface).
No Man’s Land
the area between the distal crease of the palm and the proximal end of the middle phalanx, and is also known as Zone 2. Stiffness following injury is a common problem in this area.
Bunion
caused by swelling and inflammation on the first digit at the joint where the distal metatarsal joins the proximal phalanx.
Hallux vagus
refers to the altered angle of the great toe leaning in toward the other toes, and at times over- or under-lapping with them.
Hallux rigidus
a result of arthritic changes of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and can cause pain and swelling on the top of the foot.
Disarticulation
the separation of two bones at the joint, either traumatically or by surgical amputation.
Allograft
Transplanting tissue obtained from a donor of the same species
Ankylosis
stiffening of the joint
Ankylosing spondylitis
A disease causing the bones of the spine to grow together.
auotgraft
Transplanting tissue into a new position in or on the body of the same individual.
dorsopathies
Disorders affecting the spinal column.
Enthesopathy
Disease occurring at the site of attachment of ligament or muscle tendons to bones or joint capsules.
Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)
The insertion of metal rods, wires, pins, nails, or plates are placed to surgically repair fractured bones, usually through an incision over the facture site.
