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Medical Terms > Chapter 8 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

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2
Q

Flexor

A

Causes flexion or bending of a limb or body part

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3
Q

Extensor

A

Causes straightening of a limb or body part.

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4
Q

Adductor

A

Moves a part of the body towards the midline of the body.

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5
Q

Abductor

A

Moves a part of the body away from the midline of the body.

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6
Q

Pronator

A

Turns a part downward or backward by rotating.

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7
Q

Supinator

A

Turns a part upward or forward by rotating.

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8
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

A fracture of the wrist at the distal radius. Sometimes the ulnar styloid also is involved.

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9
Q

Smith’s Fracture

A

Similar to a Colles’ fracture, except the bones are displaced toward the palm.

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10
Q

Jones Fracture

A

A stress fracture of the fifth metatarsal of the foot.

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11
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture

A

An epiphyseal plate fracture; a common injury seen in children.

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12
Q

Dupuytren’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the distal fibula with rupture of the distal tibiofibular ligaments and lateral displacement of the talus.

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13
Q

Monteggia’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with associated dislocation of the radial head.

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14
Q

Tendons vs ligaments

A

Tendons attach muscles to bone, and ligaments attach bones to other bones.

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15
Q

Dorsopathies

A

Disorders affecting the spinal column

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16
Q

Spondylosis

A

Osteoarthritis of the spine

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17
Q

Enthesopathies

A

Disorders of ligaments

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18
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

Compression of muscles, nerves and blood vessels within an enclosed space. Leads to muscle and nerve damage.

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19
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by infection

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20
Q

Sprain vs strain

A

A sprain involves the noncontractile tissue (ligament) and a strain involves the contractile tissue (muscle or tendon)

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21
Q

Nursemaid’s Elbow

A

A partial dislocation of the elbow, or proximal radial head dislocation. It is most common in small children and is caused by a sudden pull on the child’s arm or hand.

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22
Q

Subluxation

A

a partial or incomplete dislocation of the joint.

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23
Q

Dislocation

A

a complete dislocation of the joint.

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24
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

The bone is crushed or splintered into several pieces.

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25
Q

Compression Fracture

A

The bone is compressed onto another bone caused by trauma or osteoporosis and common in vertebrae.

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26
Q

Depressed Fracture

A

Fracture typically resulting from blunt force trauma to the skull. There is a portion of the bone that is pushed in.

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27
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

The bone is broken on one surface and bent on the other (think of the way a “green” twig will break when bent too far); this fracture occurs in children before the bones have hardened.

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28
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

One part of a bone is driven forcefully into another.

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29
Q

Simple Fracture

A

The bone is broken in only one place.

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30
Q

Torus or Incomplete Fracture

A

One side of the bone buckles. This is mostly common in children because of their softer bones.

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31
Q

AC

A

acromioclavicular

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32
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

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33
Q

AFO

A

ankle-foot orthosis

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34
Q

AKA

A

above-knee amputation

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35
Q

ANA

A

antinuclear antibody

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36
Q

BKA

A

below-knee amputation

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37
Q

C-Spine

A

cervical spine

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38
Q

CMC

A

carpometacarpal (joint)

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39
Q

CT

A

computed tomography (scan)

40
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

41
Q

DDD

A

degenerative disc disease

42
Q

DEXA/DXA

A

dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (scan)

43
Q

DIP

A

distal interphalangeal (joint)

44
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

45
Q

DME

A

durable medical equipment

46
Q

DTRs

A

deep tendon reflexes

47
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram, electromyography

48
Q

FROM

A

full range of motion

49
Q

FX

A

Fracture

50
Q

FWB

A

full weight bearing

51
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

52
Q

INJ

A

injection

53
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

54
Q

IP

A

interphalangeal

55
Q

IT

A

iliotibial

56
Q

LE

A

lower extremity

57
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

58
Q

L-Spine

A

lumbar spine

59
Q

LS

A

lumbosacral (spine)

60
Q

LT

A

left side

61
Q

MCL

A

medial collateral ligament

62
Q

MCP

A

metacarpophalangeal (joint)

63
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

64
Q

MTP

A

metatarsophalangeal (joint)

65
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

66
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

67
Q

PCL

A

posterior cruciate ligament

68
Q

PIP

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

69
Q

PT

A

physical therapy

70
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

71
Q

RF

A

rheumatoid factor

72
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

73
Q

RT

A

right side

74
Q

SI

A

sacroiliac (joint)

75
Q

SLAP

A

superior labral anterior posterior (superior glenoid labrum lesion or SLAP lesion of shoulder)

76
Q

TENS

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

77
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

78
Q

T-Spine

A

thoracic spine

79
Q

TMJ

A

temporomandibular joint

80
Q

UE

A

upper extremity

81
Q

Monocortical Graft

A

A graft of cortical bone removed from the outer cortex of the ilium (Ilium—part of pelvic or hip bone).

82
Q

Bicortical Graft

A

A graft of cortical bone removed as one piece from the inner and outer portions of the ilium (for example, having two layers of external bone surface).

83
Q

Tricortical Graft

A

A graft of cortical bone from the ilium that includes the anterior-superior iliac spine and both the inner and outer iliac cortex as a single piece (for example, having three layers of external surface).

84
Q

No Man’s Land

A

the area between the distal crease of the palm and the proximal end of the middle phalanx, and is also known as Zone 2. Stiffness following injury is a common problem in this area.

85
Q

Bunion

A

caused by swelling and inflammation on the first digit at the joint where the distal metatarsal joins the proximal phalanx.

86
Q

Hallux vagus

A

refers to the altered angle of the great toe leaning in toward the other toes, and at times over- or under-lapping with them.

87
Q

Hallux rigidus

A

a result of arthritic changes of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and can cause pain and swelling on the top of the foot.

88
Q

Disarticulation

A

the separation of two bones at the joint, either traumatically or by surgical amputation.

89
Q

Allograft

A

Transplanting tissue obtained from a donor of the same species

90
Q

Ankylosis

A

stiffening of the joint

91
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

A disease causing the bones of the spine to grow together.

92
Q

auotgraft

A

Transplanting tissue into a new position in or on the body of the same individual.

93
Q

dorsopathies

A

Disorders affecting the spinal column.

94
Q

Enthesopathy

A

Disease occurring at the site of attachment of ligament or muscle tendons to bones or joint capsules.

95
Q

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)

A

The insertion of metal rods, wires, pins, nails, or plates are placed to surgically repair fractured bones, usually through an incision over the facture site.

96
Q
A

Medical Terms (10 decks)

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