Chapter 8 - Mood Disorders Flashcards

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0
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Previously known as manic depression; a mood disorder characterized by the experience of both depression and mania.

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1
Q

Manic Depression

A

Now known as bipolar disorder; a mood disorder characterized by the experience of both depression and mania.

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2
Q

Unipolar Depression

A

The mood disorder characterized by the experience of depression without mania.

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3
Q

Suicide

A

To kill oneself.

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4
Q

Melancholia

A

Now known as depression; described by Ancient Greek writers in terms of despondency, dissatisfaction with life, problems sleeping, restlessness, irritability, difficulties in decision making, and a desire to die.

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5
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A

A mood disorder characterized by depressed mood in which one feels sad or empty without any sense of pleasure in one’s activities.

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6
Q

Cortisol

A

A hormone which is released in response to stress.

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7
Q

Intergenerational Transmission of Depression

A

The idea that depression in an individual is influenced by having one or more parents who are depressed.

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8
Q

Cognitive Model of Depression

A

A model that suggests that individuals with depression display a bias in the way they search for information and process this information.

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9
Q

Negative Cognitive Triad

A

The self, the personal world, and the future as they contribute to a negative schema.

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10
Q

Macrophage Theory of Depression

A

The suggestion that cytokines malfunction may be involved in depression.

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11
Q

Depression in Terms of Resource Conservation

A

Suggestion that depressive mood protects the organism by conserving energy; by reducing energy expenditure, the organism can both protect itself in the present situation and conserve energy that can be used in future productive situations.

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12
Q

Depression in Terms of Social Competition

A

Suggestion that depression is seen in the context of hierarchies as an involuntary de-escalating strategy, which signals to the other individual that he has won.

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13
Q

Depression in Terms of Attachment

A

Suggestion that depression is a protective mechanism that prevents further critical losses, as depressed mood reduces the desire of the individual to immediately enter a social relationship in which there could be an adverse outcome, and secondly, as the outward signs of depressed mood, including changes in voice tone, reaction time, eye contact, and facial expression, signal to other signs of submission and helplessness.

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14
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

A treatment for depression in which electrical current is passed through the brain for a brief period.

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15
Q

Suicidal Ideation

A

Thinking often about suicide

16
Q

Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

A

A treatment for depression in which an electrical stimulator is surgically implanted next to the vagus and then connected to a pulse generator in the person’s chest; like a pacemaker in the heart, the pulse generator can be programmed to deliver electrical pulses at desirable frequencies and currents.

17
Q

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A

A treatment for depression in which an electromagnetic coil is placed on the scalp; from the coil, a magnetic field induces a small electrical current in the first few centimeters of the brain, which depolarizes the neurons.