Chapter 6 - Disorders of Childhood Flashcards

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0
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A

A category of childhood disorders including autism spectrum disorder; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); disorders of learning, intelligence, and communication; and motor disorders such as tics and Tourette’s disorder

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1
Q

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

A

A category of childhood disorders, including disorders of attachment.

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2
Q

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

A disorder of childhood that includes two major dimensions: inattention, and hyperactivity and impulsivity.

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3
Q

Disruptive, Impulsive Control, and Conduct Disorders

A

A category of childhood disorders referred to as externalizing disorders.

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4
Q

Secure Attachment Pattern

A

An attachment style characterized by the following pattern in the strange situation: the infant 1) engages in active exploration, 2) is upset when the mother leaves, and 3) shows positive emotions when the mother returns.

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5
Q

Avoidant Attachment Pattern

A

An attachment style in which the infant shows more interest in the toys than the mother and shows less distress when the mother leaves and less positive emotion when she returns.

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6
Q

Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment Pattern

A

An attachment style in which the infant appears preoccupied with having access to the mother and shows protest on her separation; when she returns, the infant may show anger or ambivalence to her.

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7
Q

Disorganized/Controlling Attachment Pattern

A

An attachment style in which the infant shows disruptions in processing during a strange situation.

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8
Q

Mirror Neurons

A

Neurons in your brain that fire as if you had performed the same actions as you observe.

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9
Q

Imitation Learning

A

On a brain level, each time an individual sees an action done by another, the neurons that would be involved in that action are activated, creating a motor representation of the observed action, essentially turning a visual image into a motor plan.

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10
Q

Theory of Mind

A

The study of one’s ability to understand one’s own or another person’s mental state.

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11
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

A

A disorder that is the result of inadequate caregiving, which may include institutional settings.

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12
Q

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

A

A disorder in which the child is willing to accept strangers who are not attachment figures.

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13
Q

Conduct Disorder (CD)

A

A disorder in which individuals display more extreme behaviors that reflect little regard for those around them; they actively violate the rights of others.

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14
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorders

A

A group of neurodevelopmental disorders; individuals with autism spectrum disorders have difficulty in connecting and communication with others and with behavioral processes, often displaying stereotypical behaviors and the desire to engage in the same behavior in a repetitive manner.

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15
Q

Asperger’s Syndrome

A

Individuals with this syndrome tend to be more intelligent and display higher functioning in terms of social processes than those diagnosed with autism, which can include social impairment in the form of egocentricity; a narrowing of interests; compulsive need for introducing routines; speech and language peculiarities; nonverbal communication in the form of limited facial and gesture expression; and motor clumsiness; this category is used in the ICD-10, but not the DSM-5.

16
Q

Externalizing Disorders

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Such as conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

17
Q

Internalizing Disorders

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Such as anxiety and mood disorders

18
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorders (ODD)

A

A disorder in which individuals mainly show anger and defiance, but do not act aggressively toward other people or animals or destroy property.

19
Q

Learning Disabilities

A

The situation in which a child’s achievement is lower than that expected from his or her scores on achievement or intelligence tests.

20
Q

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

A

The act by which the Department of Education in the United States defined the services required to be provided to students with learning disabilities.

21
Q

Specific Learning Disorder

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A disorder in which a child shows problems in one of the major school tasks.

22
Q

Mental Retardation

A

A disorder in which the person shows intellectual disabilities; term no longer used in the DSM-5.

23
Q

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)

A

A disorder characterized by intellectual disabilities in which the person does not meet normal developmental milestones.

24
Q

Down Syndrome

A

A disorder resulting in both physical and intellectual problems found in individuals with an extra copy of chromosome 21.

25
Q

Fragile X Syndrome

A

Chromosome disorder that results in intellectual developmental disorder due to the FMR1 gene producing too little of a protein needed for brain development.