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Geology > Chapter 8 - Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Metamorphism

A

changes in mineral assemblage and texture that take place in rocks due to changes in temperature and/or pressure. These changes happen in a solid state

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2
Q

Chemical composition of original rock

A

determines mineral assemblage (most important factor)

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3
Q

Low grade

A

Low temperature and low pressure

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4
Q

high grade

A

high temperature and high pressure

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5
Q

stress

A

directed pressure

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6
Q

uniform stress

A

equal in all directions - creates igneous rocks - random alignment of materials

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7
Q

differential stress

A

unequal in all directions - creates metamorphic rocks - parallel alignment

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8
Q

intergranular fluid

A

acts as transporting medium and speeds up chemical reactions

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9
Q

vein

A

formed by precipitation of minerals from intergranular fluid into fracture

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10
Q

Prograde

A

rising temperature and pressure with water

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11
Q

Retrograde

A

falling temperature and pressure without water

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12
Q

Long periods of time

A

produce coarse grained rocks with high temperature and pressure

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13
Q

short periods of time

A

produce fine grained rocks with lower temperature and pressure and/or short reaction times

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14
Q

migmatite

A

composite rock - contains igneous and metamorphic components

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15
Q

foliation

A

planar texture - parallel mineral alignment due to differential stress

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16
Q

Slaty Cleavage

A

fine grained rock splits into plate like fragments along planes - low grade - new mineral grains can only be seen with microscope

17
Q

Schistosity

A

parallel but not necessarily planar arrangement of minerals - high grade - grains can be seen with unaided eye

18
Q

Marble

A

metamorphic limestone or sandstone

19
Q

Metamorphism of shale and mudstone

A

Slate (low grade) - phyllite (intermediate grade) - Schist (high grade) - Gneiss (high grade)

20
Q

Quartzite

A

forms from quartz sandstone

21
Q

Mechanical deformation

A

high pressure - physical transformation

22
Q

chemical recrystallization

A

high temperature - change in crystallization

23
Q

Cataclastic metamorphism

A

uncommon - mechanical deformation with minor chemical recrystallization - elongated grains fragments - foliated

24
Q

contact metamorphism

A

uncommon - chemical recrystallization with minor mechanical deformation - occurs adjacent to hot magma bodies

25
Q

metamorphic aureole

A

well defined shell of altered rock adjacent to intrusion (halo)

26
Q

Hornfels

A

hard, fine grained rock that is formed by contact with small intrusion without fluid

27
Q

Regional metamorphism

A

most common and widespread - (differential stress) mechanical deformation and chemical recrystallization - distinctly foliated

Geology (6 decks)

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