Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geology > Chapter 3 - Atoms, Elements, Minerals, and Rocks > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Atoms, Elements, Minerals, and Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest individual particle retaining properties of an element.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Element

A

Fundamental substances into which matter can be broken down chemically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rock

A

Naturally formed,coherent mass of one or more minerals, sometimes including organic debris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mass Number

A

Total number of protons plus neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electrons

A

Negative Charge - Contribute very little mass - move around nucleus in complex 3-D patterns called orbitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Energy Level Shells

A

Groupings of orbitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ion

A

Atom with excess positive or negative charge caused by electron transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cation

A

Atom with excess positive charge caused by electron transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anion

A

Atom with excess negative charge caused by electron transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compounds

A

Atoms of two or more elements combined in a specific ratio - molecule = smallest unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mineral Characteristics

A

1) Naturally formed 2) inorganic 3) solid 4) specific chemical composition 5) characteristic crystal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mineraloid

A

similar to a mineral except it lacks specific composition and/or characteristic crystal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mineral

A

Naturally formed inorganic solid that has a specific chemical composition and a distinct crystal structure and composed of elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nucleus

A

Made of Protons and Neutrons. It has very little volume but nearly all mass of the atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bonding

A

Force that holds atoms together in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ionic Bonding

A

Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

Sharing of electrons by two adjacent atoms

20
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

Closely packed atoms with electrons shared between several atoms

21
Q

Van Der Waals

A

Weak secondary attraction between certain molecules

22
Q

Complex Ions

A

Two or more ions that act as a single entity

23
Q

Crystal Structure

A

Geometric patterns of atoms in a solid

24
Q

Crystalline

A

Mineral has a crystal structure

25
Q

Amorphous

A

Mineral lacks crystal structures

26
Q

Ionic Substitutuion

A

ions with similar sizes and charges can substitute for each other

27
Q

Mineral Group

A

Displays extensive ionic substitution without changing cation or anion ratio.

28
Q

Crystal Form/Growth Habit

A

Geometric arrangement of crystal faces.

29
Q

Polymorphs

A

Two or more minerals with same composition but different crystal structures.

30
Q

Cleavage

A

Mineral’s tendency to break in preferred directions along planar surfaces.

31
Q

Luster

A

Quality and intensity of light reflected from a mineral.

32
Q

Color

A

Often striking but unreliable means of identification.

33
Q

Streak

A

Thin layer of powdered mineral made by rubbing it on non-glazed porcelain

34
Q

Hardness

A

Mineral’s relative resistance to scratching

35
Q

Moh’s Hardness Scale

A

1) Talc - 2) Gypsum - 3)Calcite - 4) Fluorite - 5) Apatite - 6) Orthoclase (Feldspar) - 7) Quartz - 8) Topaz - 9) Corundum - 10) Diamond

36
Q

Density

A

Mass divided by Unit Volume

37
Q

Specific Gravity

A

Ratio of mass of substance to mass of equal volume of water

38
Q

Silicates

A

Minerals that contain silicate anion (SiO4)4-. [Most abundant group]

39
Q

Most Abundant Elements in Crust

A

O - Si - Al - Fe - Ca - Mg - Na - K - Ti - H - Mn - P

40
Q

Silicate Tetrahedron

A

Four oxygen atoms (large) surrounding silicon atom (small). Oxygen atoms must bond with other cations and/or bond with two silicon atoms at one time

41
Q

Polymerization

A

Process of linking silicate tetrahedra

42
Q

Olivine Group

A

Isolated silicate tetrahedra - distinctive green color

43
Q

Garnet Group

A

Isolated tetrahedra

44
Q

Pyroxene Group

A

Single chains of tetrahedra (Augite most common)

45
Q

Amphibole Group

A

Double Chains (Hornblende most common)

46
Q

Micas (Clays, Chlorites, & Serpentines)

A

Sheets

47
Q

Feldspar Group

A

K-feldspar & Plagioclase (60% of crust)

Geology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions