Chapter 8: Metabolism Flashcards
- all chemical reactions that take place in cells to break down or build molecules
metabolism
- series of linked reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme.
- produce energy and cellular compounds
metabolic pathway
When we eat food, the _ ,_ , _ , are digested to smaller molecules that can be ___.
polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins; absorbed into the cells of our body.
Because we do not use all the energy from our foods at one time, we ___ as high-energy __.
store energy in the cells; adenosine
triphosphate, ATP.
. As the glucose, fatty acids, and amino
acids are broken down further, _
energy is released
ATP is later broken down obtain energy to do work in our bodies:
- contracting muscles
- synthesizing large molecules,
- sending nerve impulses
- moving substances across cell membranes.
use ATP energy to build larger molecules
anabolic reaction
break down large, complex molecules to
provide energy and smaller molecules
catabolic reactions
3 stages of metabolism
- digestion and hydrolysis
- degradation
- oxidation
break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream
digestion and hydrolysis
breaks down molecules to
two- and three-carbon compounds
degradation
is in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provide ATP energy (electrons are carried by NADH and FADH2)
oxidation
As long as the cells have oxygen, the hydrogen ions and electrons from the __ to synthesize ATP.
reduced coenzymes are transferred to electron transport
9 Cell structure
Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
lysosomes
golgi complex
nucleus
cytoplasm
Is the energy form stored in cells.
▪ Is obtained from the oxidation of food
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Structure of ATP:
Adenine (nitrogen base)
ribose sugar
three phosphate groups
Requirement of ATP to be oxidized:
7.3 kcal/mol (31 kJ/mol)
3 phosphate groups
AMP
ADP
ATP
The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases 7.3 kcal (31 kJ)/mole
ADP + Pi + 7.3 kcal/mol (31 kJ/mol
hydrolysis of ADP to AMP releases 7.3 kcal (31 kJ)/mole.
AMP + Pi + 7.3 kcal/mol (31 kJ/mol)
ATP links ___ with ___ in the cells
energy-producing reax ; energy requiring reax
What has low energy bond?
phosphate ester bond in first p group
What has high energy bond
phospho-anhydride bonds in ADP and ATP
ATP or ADP + Pi: used in anabolic reaction
ATP