Chapter 8 - Memory Flashcards
What are the three types of encoding
semantic encoding - The encoding of words and their meaning
Visual encoding - The encoding of images
Acoustic encoding - The encoding of sounds, words in particular
The self-reference effect
The tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevant
Storage
is the creation of a permanent record of information.
encoding,
The input of information into the memory system.
In order for a memory to go into storage it has to pass through three distinct stages:
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory.
Procedural memory
is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things.
Declarative memory
has to do with the storage of facts and events we personally experienced.
Explicit (declarative) memory has two parts: semantic memory
and
episodic memory.
semantic memory
is knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts.
Episodic memory
is information about events we have personally experienced.
Retrieval
The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness
In the brain, the engram is:
the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory”
The main parts of the brain involved with memory are
the amygdala, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, and the prefrontal cortex
The Arousal theory
that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories
A flashbulb memory
is an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event
Amnesia
is the loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma.
