Chapter 8 - Masonry and Ordinary Construction

Question 1

Bricks are produced from a variety of locally available _______ and ________.

Answer 1

clays and shales

p 234

Question 2

The hardness of brick is dependent on the _______ used in its composition.

Answer 2

soil

p 234

Question 3

The bricks are fired in a kiln during which they are subjected to temperatures as high as _______ * F. This intense heat converts them to a __________ material. The firing process takes _____ to _____ hours.

Answer 3

2,400 / ceramic / 40 to 150 hours

p 235

Question 4

A typical brick size is _____x_____x_____.

Answer 4

3 5/8 X 7 5/8 X 2 1/4

p 235

Question 5

• Also known as concrete masonry units (CMU). The most commonly used concrete block is the hollow concrete block.

Answer 5

Concrete block

p 235

Question 6

Hollow concrete blocks are produced in a number of sizes and shapes, but the most common is the nominal ___x___x___ inch.

Answer 6

8x8x16

p 235

Question 7

The most common types of stone used in construction are g______, l__________, s____________, s______ and m________.

Answer 7

granite, limestone, sandstone, slate, and marble

p 235

Question 8

Masonry units have no significant __________ strength. In their structural application they are used to support _____________ loads.

Answer 8

tensile / compressive

p 236

Question 9

Density of masonry units

A relatively small chunk of a brick wall having a thickness of 8 inches and measuring 4x4 feet would have a weight of approximately _______ pounds.

Answer 9

1267

p 236

Question 10

The primary function of _________ is to bond the individual masonry units into a solid mass.

Answer 10

mortar

p 236

Question 11

• Cement like liquid material that hardens and bonds individual masonry units to a solid mass.

Answer 11

Mortar

p 236

Question 12

Mortar is available in five basic types with strengths varying from as low as ____ psi to as high as _______ psi.

Answer 12

75 / 2500

p 236

Question 13

• Most commonly used cement consisting chiefly of calcium and aluminum silicates. It is mixed with water to form a paste that hardens and is, therefore known as a hydraulic cement.

Answer 13

Portland Cement

p 237

Question 14

• Wall that supports itself and the weight of the roof and/or other internal structural framing components such as the floor beams above it.

Answer 14

Bearing wall

p 237

Question 15

In modern practice, the most commonly encountered load bearing masonry walls are constructed from ________, __________ block, or combination of ________ and ________.

Answer 15

brick / concrete / brick and block

p 237-238

Question 16

When used as a supporting wall, the thickness of masonry walls varies from a minimum of ____ inches to several ______.

Answer 16

6 / feet

p 238

Question 17

By using reinforced masonry, it is possible to construct load-bearing masonry walls to a height of ten stories or more having a wall thickness of only _____ inches.

Answer 17

12

p 239

Question 18

When a masonry wall is constructed, the masonry units are laid side by side in a horizontal layer know as a _________.

Answer 18

course

p 239

Question 19

The horizontal courses of brick are laid on top of each other in a vertical layer known as a _________.

Answer 19

wythe

p 239

Question 20

• Course of bricks with the ends of the bricks facing outward.

Answer 20

Header course

p 240

Question 21

Parallel wythes of brick can be bonded using a header course every ________ course.

Answer 21

sixth

p 240

Question 22

Support of the masonry over an opening is accomplished by the use of a ________, an ______ or ___________.

Answer 22

lintel, an arch or corbelling

p 241

Question 23

• Support for masonry over an opening; usually made of steel angles or other rolled shapes singularly or in combination.

Answer 23

Lintel

p 241

Question 24

It is assumed that a lintel is required to support only the weight of a _____________ section.

Answer 24

triangular

p 241

Question 25

However, if the height of the wall above the opening is shorter than the height of the triangular section, it is assumed that the lintel must support the ________ _________ of the masonry above the opening.

Answer 25

entire weight

p 242

Question 26

• Portion of the exterior walls of a building that extends above the roof. A low wall at the edge of a roof.

Answer 26

Parapet

p 243

Question 27

In traditional masonry construction the masonry walls support ________ ________ and _______ _________.

Answer 27

wood floor and roof joists

p 244

Question 28

• Angled cut made at the end of a wood joist or wood beam that rests in a masonry wall to allow the beam to fall away freely from the wall in case of failure of the beam. This helps prevent the beam acting as a lever to push against the masonry.

Answer 28

Fire cut

p 245

Question 29

When a beam transmits a large vertical load to a masonry wall, the wall may be increased in thickness at the point of support with a ___________ to reduce the compressive stresses in the masonry.

Answer 29

pilaster

p 245

Question 30

Buildings of ordinary construction, such as those with masonry exterior walls and wood jointed interior framing are classified as ______ _____ construction in the building codes.

Answer 30

Type III

p 246

Question 31

The fire resistance of a masonry wall depends on the type of __________ units used and the ____________ of the wall.

Answer 31

masonry / thickness

p 246

Question 32

A massive masonry wall, _____ inches or more in thickness will have an inherently high degree of fire resistance.

Answer 32

18

p 246

Question 33

One way to stabilize a masonry structure is through the use of _______ _____ ______ extended through the masonry walls, parallel to the joists and attached to bearing plates or structural washers on the outside.

Answer 33

steel tie rods

p 248

Question 34

Masonry walls usually collapse as a result of the collapse of the ?

Answer 34

interior wood framing

p 249

Question 35

Firefighters should always assume that if a wall collapses it will fall out from the building a distance at least equal to the ?

Answer 35

height of the wall

p 249

Question 36

• (1) Flat horizontal or vertical board located at the outer face of a cornice. (2) Broad flat surface over a store front of below a cornice.

Answer 36

Fascia

p 250

Question 37

_______ construction is a type of masonry construction in which the exterior bearing walls are constructed of brick and the interior structural framing is of solid or laminated wood.

Answer 37

Mill

p 250

Question 38

Mill construction is also commonly known as _________ ___________ construction; however it should not be confused with the heavy timber wood frame construction.

Answer 38

heavy-timber

p 250

Question 39

In building codes mill construction is classified as ______ _____ construction.

Answer 39

Type IV

p 250

Question 40

There are two characteristics that distinguish mill construction from Type III masonry construction. They are the _____________ of the wood structural members and the fact that combustible concealed spaces are not ______________.

Answer 40

dimensions / permitted

p 250

Question 41

The wood structural members used in mill construction have ___________ minimum dimensions than those permitted in Type III construction.

Answer 41

larger

p 250