Chapter 8 Lower Extremity Anatomy

Question 1

Primary hip extensor?

Answer 1

Gluteus maximus

Question 2

Primary hip flexor?

Answer 2

Iliopsoas

Question 3

Primary knee extensor?

Answer 3

Quadriceps

Question 4

Primary knee flexors?

Answer 4

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Question 5

4 ligaments that make up femoroacetabular joint?

Answer 5

1) Iliofemoral
2) Ischiofemoral
3) Pubofemoral
4) Capitis femoris

Question 6

What ligament attaches the head of the femur to the acetabular fossa?

Answer 6

Capitis femoris

Question 7

What are the minor motions of the hip?

Answer 7

Anterior and posterior glide

Question 8

What motion occurs with anterior glide of the head of the femur?

Answer 8

External rotation

Question 9

What motion occurs with posterior glide of the head of the femur?

Answer 9

Internal rotation

Question 10

Etiologies of hip external rotation SD?

Answer 10

Piriformis or iliopsoas spasm

Question 11

Etiologies of hip internal rotation SD?

Answer 11

Spasm of internal rotators

Question 12

3 joints that make up the knee?

Answer 12

1) Tibiofemoral
2) Patellofemoral
3) Tibiofibular

Question 13

What is the largest joint in the body?

Answer 13

Tibiofemoral

Question 14

What is the origin and insertion of the ACL?

Answer 14

Originates at posterior aspect of femur, attaches to anterior aspect of tibia

Question 15

Origin and insertion of the PCL?

Answer 15

Originates at anterior aspect of femur and inserts on posterior aspect of tibia

Question 16

Which ligament articulates with the medial meniscus and helps prevent valgus stress at the knee?

Answer 16

Medial collateral ligament

Question 17

Attachments of the lateral collateral ligament?

Answer 17

Femur and fibula

Question 18

Mvt of the tibiofibular joint occurs with what motions of the foot?

Answer 18

Pronation and supination

Question 19

What motion occurs when the fibular head glides anteriorly?

Answer 19

Pronation

Question 20

What motion occurs when the fibular head glides posteriorly?

Answer 20

Supination

Question 21

Pronation motions?

Answer 21

Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

Question 22

Supination motions?

Answer 22

Plantarflexion, inversion, adduction

Question 23

Pronation of foot causes what fibular motion?

Answer 23

Causes talus to push distal fibula posteriorly allowing anterior glide proximally

Question 24

Supination of the foot causes what fibular motion?

Answer 24

Causes anterior talofibular ligament to pull distal fibula anteriorly, and allows proximal fibula to glide posteriorly

Question 25

Femoral nerve roots?

Answer 25

L2-4

Question 26

Sciatic nerve roots?

Answer 26

L4-S3

Question 27

Femoral n innervations?

Answer 27

Quads, iliacus, sartorius and pectineus

Question 28

Which foramen does the sciatic n pass thru?

Answer 28

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 29

85% of population, the sciatic n will be in what relation to piriformis?

Answer 29

Inferior to piriformis

Question 30

Innervation of short head of biceps femoris?

Answer 30

Peroneal division of sciatic n

Question 31

Angulation of head of the femur?

Answer 31

Normally 120-135 degrees

Question 32

Coxa vara?

Answer 32

Angulation of femur <120

Question 33

Coxa valga?

Answer 33

Angulation of femur >135

Question 34

Q angle?

Answer 34

Formed by intersection of a line from ASIS thru middle of patella, and a line from tibial tubercle thru middle of patella

Question 35

Normal Q angle?

Answer 35

10-12 degrees

Question 36

Genu valgum?

Answer 36

Increased Q angle (knocked-kneed)

Question 37

Genu varum?

Answer 37

Decreased Q angle (bow-legged)

Question 38

What ligament prevents hyperextension of knee?

Answer 38

ACL