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EM 1102 | Emergency Medical Technician > Chapter 8 | Life Span Development > Flashcards

Chapter 8 | Life Span Development Flashcards

• The physiologic (physical) characteristics of different age groups from infancy through late adulthood • The psychosocial (mental and social) characteristics of different age groups from infancy through late adulthood

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

True or false:

Antibodies are passed from mother to child during pregnancy.

A

true

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2
Q

True or false:

Antibodies are passed from mother to child through breastfeeding.

A

true

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3
Q

Define:

Moro reflex

A

response to being startled in which an infant throws out both arms, spreads the fingers, and then grabs with fingers and arms

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4
Q

Define:

palmar reflex

A

grasping reflex in which an infant grabs onto a finger placed in the infant’s palm

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5
Q

Define:

rooting reflex

A

reflex response in which a hungry infant automatically turns toward the stimulus when the cheek or one side of the mouth is touched

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6
Q

Define:

sucking reflex

A

reflex in which stroking a hungry infant’s lips causes the infant to start sucking

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7
Q

Define:

infancy

A

stage of life from birth to 1 year of age

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8
Q

Define:

toddler

A

child between 12 and 36 months of age

(1 to 3 years old)

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9
Q

Define:

preschool-age child

A

child between 3 and 5 years of age

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10
Q

Define:

school-age child

A

child between 6 and 12 years of age

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11
Q

Define:

adolescent

A

child between 13 and 18 years of age

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12
Q

Define:

adolescence

A

stage of life from 13 years to 18 years of age

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13
Q

Define:

early adulthood

A

stage of life from 19 years to 40 years of age

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14
Q

Define:

middle adulthood

A

stage of life from 41 years to 60 years of age

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15
Q

Define:

late adulthood

A

stage of life from 61 years of age and beyond

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16
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can track object with eyes

A

2 months

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17
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can recognize familiar faces

A

2-4 months

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18
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can move objects to mouth with hands

A

3-4 months

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19
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can make distinct facial expressions

(i.e. smile or frown)

A

around 3 months

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20
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can begin to reach out to people

A

around 4 months

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21
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can sleep through night without waking for feeding

A

5 months

(somewhere between 3-6 months)

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22
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can tell the difference between family and strangers

A

5-8 months

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23
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can sit upright in high chair

A

6 months

(somewhere between 5-6 months)

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24
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can make one-syllable sounds

A

6 months

(somewhere between 6-9 months)

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25
Q

Describe:

age at which infant may exhibit fear of strangers

A

7 months

(starts at 5-6 months and usually intensifies at 7-10 months of age)

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26
Q

Describe:

age at which infant may exhibit quick mood shifts

(i.e. crying to laughing to crying)

A

7 months

(somewhere between 6-8 months)

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27
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can respond to the word “no”

A

8 months

28
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can pay attention to their own name

A

10 months

(somewhere between 7-10 months)

29
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can crawl well

A

10 months

(somewhere between 7-10 months)

30
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can pull self up to standing position

A

9 months

(somewhere between 9-12 months)

31
Q

Describe:

age at which infant can walk with help

A

12 months

(somewhere between 8-18 months)

32
Q

Describe:

average annual weight gain for a school-age child

A

6.6 lbs/year

(3.0 kg/year)

33
Q

Describe:

average annual height growth for a school-age child

A

2.4 in/year

(6 cm/year)

34
Q

Describe:

leading cause of death in early adulthood

(19-40 years old)

A

motor vehicle crashes

35
Q

Fill in the blank:

Weight control typically becomes [MORE/LESS] difficult in middle adulthood.

(41-60 years old)

A

Weight control typically becomes more difficult in middle adulthood.

36
Q

Choose:

You are assessing an infant who is very congested. Why can nasal congestion be a major problem in the first few months of life?

A. Because these children breathe with their diaphragm.

B. Because the liver is so large in a patient of this age.

C. Because children of this age are primarily nasal breathers.

D. Because it is an indication of life-threatening airway compromise.

A

C

The infant who has nasal congestion can get in trouble fast because the infant is a primary nose breather at this age.

37
Q

Choose:

Which of the following would be an appropriate respiratory rate for an infant?

A. 40

B. 8

C. 20

D. 16

A

A

small lungs need to breath a lot

38
Q

Choose:

You are assessing the breathing of a 6-month-old male. To confirm his respiratory rate, you should:

A. visualize his chest.

B. utilize the pulse oximeter.

C. watch the patient’s mouth.

D. visualize the patient’s abdomen.

A

D

39
Q

Choose:

Which of the following reflexes would likely take place after an infant is startled?

A. Sucking reflex

B. Moro reflex

C. Rooting reflex

D. Palmar reflex

A

B

40
Q

Choose:

Learning by building on something that is already known is called:

A. bonding.

B. scaffolding.

C. tempering.

D. rooting.

A

B

41
Q

Choose:

At what age would you expect stranger/separation anxiety to first develop in a child?

A. 2 to 4 months

B. 6 to 10 months

C. 4 to 5 years

D. 18 to 24 months

A

D

42
Q

Choose:

What is the age range generally associated with the “school-age” classification?

A. 6 to 12

B. 1 to 2

C. 2 to 4

D. 13 to 18

A

A

43
Q

Choose:

Which of the following developmental stages is typically characterized by the onset of reproductive maturity and secondary sexual development?

A. School age

B. Adolescence

C. Early adulthood

D. Middle adulthood

A

B

44
Q

Choose:

A six-year-old male has fallen from his bicycle and injured his leg. He is visibly upset. His pulse rate is 108. This finding would be considered:

A. slightly fast for his age and likely associated with compensated shock.

B. too slow for his age.

C. within normal limits for his age.

D. dangerously fast and likely associated with a heart dysrhythmia.

A

C

45
Q

Choose:

Which of the following developmental stages is characterized by decreasing metabolic rate, decreased tolerance to tachycardia, and decreased blood volume?

A. Adolescence

B. Early adulthood

C. Middle adulthood

D. Late adulthood

A

D

46
Q

Choose:

You would anticipate that an infant patient will communicate almost exclusively through:

A. grunting.

B. crying.

C. grabbing.

D. babbling.

A

B

47
Q

Choose:

What is the normal respiratory rate for a newborn immediately after birth?

A. 30 to 50 breaths per minute

B. 20 to 30 breaths per minute

C. 40 to 60 breaths per minute

D. 10 to 20 breaths per minute

A

C

48
Q

Choose:

If you are told a full-term newborn has a low birth weight for her gestational age, you wouldn’t be surprised by which birth weight?

A. 3.0 kg (6.61 lbs)

B. 2.5 kg (5.51 lbs)

C. 3.5 kg (7.72 lbs)

D. 3.25 kg (7.17 lbs)

A

B

49
Q

Choose:

The stage of development from birth to one year of age is referred to as:

A. childhood.

B. toddlerhood.

C. adolescence.

D. infancy.

A

D

50
Q

Choose:

What concept is developed from an orderly, predictable environment versus a disorderly, irregular environment and is characteristic of the infancy stage?

A. Scaffolding

B. Bonding

C. Temperament

D. Trust versus mistrust

A

D

51
Q

Choose:

A normal heart rate for an adolescent would be:

A. 45 beats per minute.

B. 115 beats per minute.

C. 55 beats per minute.

D. 35 beats per minute

A

C

52
Q

Choose:

Typically, at what age will a child begin developing “magical thinking” and engage in play acting?

A. 12 months

B. 24 to 36 months

C. 18 to 24 months

D. 3 to 4 years

A

B

53
Q

Choose:

Which of the following is a problem you would expect many patients after age 40 to face?

A. Appendicitis

B. Heart disease

C. Pneumonia

D. Renal failure

A

B

54
Q

Choose:

How many fontanelles does a newborn have, and when do they close?

A

newborns have two fontanelles

both fontanelles close by 18 months of age at the latest

55
Q

Define:

fontanelle

A

a space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus where ossification is not complete and the sutures not fully formed

56
Q

Choose:

Early in which of the following stages of development does a person begin to recognize familiar faces?

A. Adolescent

B. Toddler

C. Newborn

D. Infancy

A

D

57
Q

Choose:

In what stage of adulthood is a person who is 45 years of age?

A. Geriatric adulthood

B. Late adulthood

C. Middle adulthood

D. Early adulthood

A

C

58
Q

Choose:

Immediately after birth, the infant’s heart rate should be:

A. 100 to 120 beats per minute.

B. 150 to 170 beats per minute.

C. 130 to 150 beats per minute.

D. 140 to 160 beats per minute.

A

D

59
Q

Choose:

Which of the following would you anticipate to be the most likely problem for an adult male aged 50?

A. A predisposition for accidents

B. An increased volume of blood

C. A respiratory disorder

D. A low tolerance for bradycardia

A

A

60
Q

Choose:

You would anticipate a toddler to be highly susceptible to:

A. loss of muscle mass.

B. loss of bone density.

C. illness.

D. a deterioration in fine-motor skills.

A

C

61
Q

Choose:

Accidents are a leading cause of death in which stage of life?

A. Late adulthood

B. Middle adulthood

C. Adolescence

D. Early adulthood

A

D

62
Q

Describe:

range of normal weight of newborn

A

5.5-8.8 lbs

2.5-4.0 kg

63
Q

Choose:

At what average age do males attain their maximum adult height?

A. 14

B. 16

C. 18

D. 21

A

C

Males reach their final adult height by the age of 18 on average. This is slower than the female average of 16 due to the lower levels of circulating estrogens, the hormones responsible for both lengthening the bones and fusing the growth plates.

64
Q

Choose:

At what average age do females attain their maximum adult height?

A. 14

B. 16

C. 18

D. 21

A

B

Females reach their final adult height by the age of 16 on average. This is faster than the male average of 18 due to the higher levels of circulating estrogens, the hormones responsible for both lengthening the bones and fusing the growth plates.

65
Q

Choose:

A patient reports poor sleep, decreased desire to eat, and a lack of interest in their usual hobbies and activities.

What age group does this patient most likely fall into?

A. 6 to 12 years of age

B. 13 to 19 years of age

C. 20 to 40 years of age

D. 40 to 60 years of age

A

B

These symptoms are typical of depression, a condition that both first presents and is most common in adolescence.

EM 1102 | Emergency Medical Technician (40 decks)

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