Chapter 8 key terms Flashcards
ADHD- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
A disorder in which the individual consistently and repeatedly shows age-inappropriate behaviours into two general categories of inattention and hyper-activity-impulsivity, resulting in the significant impairment of life functioning
Inattentive
Lacking the ability to focus or sustain one’s attention. Children who are inattentive find it difficult to sustain mental effort during work or play and behave carelessly, as if they are not listening
Hyperactive
Displaying an unusually high level of energy and an inability to remain still or quiet
Impulsive
Prone to acting with little or no consideration of possible consequences. This term is frequently used to describe children who suffer from ADHD
Inattention
An inability to sustain attention or stick to tasks or play activities, to remember and follow through on instructions or rules, and to resist distractions
Attentional Capacity
The amount of information we can remember and attend to for a short time. Ex. remembering a phone number. Children with ADHD do not have a deficit in their attentional capacity, they can remember the same amount of information in a short time as other children
Selective Attention
the ability to concentrate on relevant stimuli and ignore task irrelevant stimuli
Distractibility
a term commonly used to indicate a deficit in selective attention. Children with ADHD are much more likely than others to be distracted by stimuli that are highly salient and appealing.
Sustained attention
the ability to maintain a persistent focus over time on unchallenging, uninteresting tasks or activities when fatigued.
Alerting
refers to an initial reaction to a stimulus, and involves the ability to prepare for what is about to happen. a child with an alerting deficit may respond too quickly in situations requiring a slow and careful approach and too slowly in situations requiring a quick response. this pattern of responding is often seen in children with ADHD
Hyperactivity-impulsivity
involves the under control of motor behaviour, poor sustained inhibition of behaviour, the inability to delay a response or defer gratification, or an inability to inhibit dominant responses responses in relation to ongoing situational demands.
impulsive
unable to bridle immediate reactions or think before acting. Difficult for them to stop an ongoing behaviour or regulate their behaviour in accordance with the demands of the wishes of others
cognitive impulsivity
disorganization, hurried thinking, and the need for supervision. May also involve impulsive decision making
Behavioural Impulsivity
Difficulty inhibiting a response when the situation requires and insensitive to the negative consequences of their behaviour. EX. Calling out in Class
Emotional impulsivity/ Dysregulation
Impatience, low frustration tolerance, hot temper, quickness to anger, and irritability. How quickly an individual will react with negative emotions in response to negative events as compared with others of the same age or development level.