Chapter 8 - IP Subnetting, Troubleshooting IP, and Intro to NAT Flashcards

1
Q

When you see a subnet mask or slash notation (CIDR), you should know the following when working with Class C networks.

A

/25
What do you know about a /25?

128 mask
1 bit on and 7 bits off (10000000)
Block size of 128
2 subnets, each with 126 hosts

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2
Q
/26 
And what do you know about a /26? 
192 mask 
2 bits on and 6 bits off (11000000) 
Block size of 64 
4 subnets, each with 62 hosts
A
/27 
What about a /27? 
224 mask 
3 bits on and 5 bits off (11100000) 
Block size of 32
8 subnets, each with 30 hosts
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3
Q
/28 
And what about a /28? 
240 mask
 4 bits on and 4 bits off 
Block size of 16 
16 subnets, each with 14 hosts
A
/29 
What do you know about a /29? 
248 mask 
5 bits on and 3 bits off
 Block size of 8 
32 subnets, each with 6 hosts
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4
Q
/30 
And last, what about a /30? 
252 mask 
6 bits on and 2 bits off 
Block size of 4 
64 subnets, each with 2 hosts
A

We know the Class B network address has 16 bits available for host addressing. This means we can use up to 14 bits for subnetting (because we have to leave at least 2 bits for host addressing).

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5
Q

Class - format - default subnet mask
A
network.host.host.host 255.0.0.0

B network.network.host.host255.255.0.0

C
network.network.network.host 255.255.255.0

A

Question

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6
Q

What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to hosts on a local subnet that uses the 255.255.255.224 subnet mask?

A

1 D. A /27 (255.255.255.224) is 3 bits on and 5 bits off. This provides 8 subnets, each with 30 hosts. Does it matter if this mask is used with a Class A, B, or C network address? Not at all. The number of host bits would never change.

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7
Q

You have a Class A host of 10.0.0.110/25. It needs to communicate to a host with an IP address of 10.0.0.210/25. Which of the following devices do you need to use in order for these hosts to communicate?

A.A Layer 2 switch
B. Router
C. DNS server
D. Hub

A
  1. B. Don’t freak because this is a Class A. What is your subnet mask? 255.255.255.128. Regardless of the class of address, this is a block size of 128 in the fourth octet. The subnets are 0 and 128. The 0 subnet host range is 1–126, with a broadcast address of 127. The 128 subnet host range is 129–254, with a broadcast address of 255. You need a router for these two hosts to communicate because they are in different subnets.
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8
Q

What is the subnetwork address for a host with the IP address 200.10.5.68/28?

A. 200.10.5.56
B. 200.10.5.32
C. 200.10.5.64
D. 200.10.5.0

A
  1. C. This is a pretty simple question. A /28 is 255.255.255.240, which means that our block size is 16 in the fourth octet (0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, and so on). The host is in the 64 subnet.
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9
Q

The network address of 172.16.0.0/19 provides how many subnets and hosts?

A. 7 subnets, 30 hosts each 
B. 7 subnets, 2,046 hosts each 
C. 7 subnets, 8,190 hosts each 
D. 8 subnets, 30 hosts each 
E. 8 subnets, 2,046 hosts each 
F. 8 subnets, 8,190 hosts each
A
  1. F. A CIDR address of /19 is 255.255.224.0. This is a Class B address, so that is only 3 subnet bits, but it provides 13 host bits, or 8 subnets, each with 8,190 hosts.
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10
Q

You receive a call from a user who is complaining that they cannot get on the Internet. You have them verify their IP address, mask, and default gateway. The IP address is 10.0.37.144, with a subnet mask of 255.255.254.0. The default gateway is 10.0.38.1. What is the problem?

A. Incorrect DNS server address
B. Invalid subnet mask
C. Incorrect gateway IP
D. IP address and mask not compatible

A
  1. C. The host ID of 10.0.37.144 with a 255.255.254.0 mask is in the 10.0.36.0 subnet (yes, you need to be able to subnet in this exam!). Do not stress that this is a Class A; what we care about is that the third octet has a block size of 2, so the next subnet is 10.0.38.0, which makes the broadcast address 10.0.37.255. The default gateway address of 10.0.38.1 is not in the same subnet as the host. Even though this is a Class A address, you still should easily be able to subnet this because you look more at the subnet mask and find your interesting octet, which is the third octet in this question. 256 – 254 = 2. Your block size is 2.
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11
Q

If a host on a network has the address 172.16.45.14/30, what is the subnetwork this host belongs to?

A. 172.16.45.0 
B. 172.16.45.4 
C. 172.16.45.8 
D. 172.16.45.12 
E. 172.16.45.16
A
  1. D. A /30, regardless of the class of address, has a 252 in the fourth octet. This means we have a block size of 4 and our subnets are 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on. Address 14 is obviously in the 12 subnet.
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12
Q

On a network, which mask should you use on point-to-point WAN links in order to reduce the waste of IP addresses?

A. /27 
B. /28 
C. /29 
D. /30 
E. /31
A
  1. D. A point-to-point link uses only two hosts. A /30, or 255.255.255.252, mask provides two hosts per subnet.
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13
Q

On which of the following devices are you most likely to be able to implement NAT?

A. Hub
B. Ethernet switch
C. Router
D. Bridge

A
  1. C. Devices with Layer 3 awareness, such as routers and firewalls, are the only ones that can manipulate the IP header in support of NAT.
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14
Q

You have an interface on a router with the IP address of 192.168.192.10/29. Including the router interface, how many hosts can have IP addresses on the LAN attached to the router interface?

A. 6 
B. 8 
C. 30 
D. 62 
E. 126
A
  1. A. A /29 (255.255.255.248), regardless of the class of address, has only 3 host bits. Six hosts is the maximum number of hosts on this LAN, including the router interface.
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15
Q
  1. When configuring the IP settings on a computer on one subnet to ensure that it can communicate with a computer on another subnet, which of the following is desirable?
A
  1. C. A computer should be configured with an IP address that is unique throughout the reachable internetwork. It should be configured with a subnet mask that matches those of all other devices on its local subnet, but not necessarily one that matches the mask used on any other subnet. It should also be configured with a default gateway that matches its local router’s interface IP address.
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16
Q

You have an interface on a router with the IP address of 192.168.192.10/29. What is the broadcast address the hosts will use on this LAN?

A. 192.168.192.15 
B. 192.168.192.31 
C. 192.168.192.63 
D. 192.168.192.127 
E. 192.168.192.255
A
  1. A. A /29 (255.255.255.248) has a block size of 8 in the fourth octet. This means the subnets are 0, 8, 16, 24, and so on. 10 is in the 8 subnet. The next subnet is 16, so 15 is the broadcast address.
17
Q

What is the highest usable address on the 172.16.1.0/24 network?

A. 172.16.1.255
B. 172.16.1.254
C. 172.16.1.253
D. 172.16.1.23

A
  1. B. A 24-bit mask, or prefix length, indicates that the entire fourth octet is used for host identification. In a special case, such as this, it is simpler to visualize the all-zeros value (172.16.1.0) and the all-ones value (172.16.1.255). The highest usable address, the last one before the all-ones value, is 172.16.1.254.
18
Q

If an Ethernet port on a router was assigned an IP address of 172.16.112.1/25, what would be the subnet address of this host?

A. 172.16.112.0 
B. 172.16.0.0 
C. 172.16.96.0 
D. 172.16.255.0 
E. 172.16.128.0
A
  1. A. A /25 mask is 255.255.255.128. Used with a Class B network, the third and fourth octets are used for subnetting with a total of 9 subnet bits: 8 bits in the third octet and 1 bit in the fourth octet. Because there is only 1 bit in the fourth octet, the bit is either off or on—which is a value of 0 or 128. The host in the question is in the 0 subnet, which has a broadcast address of 127 because 128 is the next subnet.
19
Q

You have a network with a subnet of 172.16.17.0/22. Which of the following is a valid host address?

A. 172.16.17.1 255.255.255.252 
B. 172.16.0.1 255.255.240.0 
C. 172.16.20.1 255.255.254.0 
D. 172.16.16.1 255.255.255.240 
E. 172.16.18.255 255.255.252.0 
F. 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0
A
  1. E. A Class B network ID with a /22 mask is 255.255.252.0, with a block size of 4 in the third octet. The network address in the question is in subnet 172.16.16.0 with a broadcast address of 172.16.19.255. Only option E has the correct subnet mask listed, and 172.16.18.255 is a valid host.
20
Q

Your router has the following IP address on Ethernet0: 172.16.2.1/23. Which of the following can be valid host IDs on the LAN interface attached to the router? (Choose two.)

A. 172.16.0.5 
B. 172.16.1.100 
C. 172.16.1.198 
D. 172.16.2.255 
E. 172.16.3.0 
F. 172.16.3.255
A
  1. D, E. The router’s IP address on the E0 interface is 172.16.2.1/23, which is a 255.255.254.0. This makes the third octet a block size of 2. The router’s interface is in the 2.0 subnet, and the broadcast address is 3.255 because the next subnet is 4.0. The valid host range is 2.1 through 3.254. The router is using the first valid host address in the range.
21
Q
  1. You have one IP address provided from your ISP with a /30 mask. However, you have 300 users that need to access the Internet. What technology will you use to implement a solution?

A. PAT
B. VPN
C. DNS
D. LANs

A
  1. A. Network Address Translation can allow up to 65,000 hosts to get onto the Internet with one IP address by using Port Address Translation (PAT).
22
Q

you are forced to replace a router that has failed to the point that you are unable to access its current configuration to aid in setting up interface addresses on the new router, which of the following can you reference for assistance?

A
  1. A. The best method here is to check the configuration of devices that were using the old router as a gateway to the rest of the internetwork. Routers do not periodically cache their configurations to servers of any sort. You might have copied the old router’s configuration to a TFTP server or the like, but failing that, you will have to rebuild the configuration from scratch, which might well be much more than interface addresses. Therefore, keeping a copy of the router’s current configuration somewhere other than on the router is a wise choice. Routers don’t auto-configure themselves; we wouldn’t want them to.