Chapter 1 - Intro to Networks Flashcards
the term network means two or more connected computers that can share resources such as data and applications, office machines, an Internet connection, or some combination of these,
a local area network (LAN) is usually restricted to spanning a particular geographic location such as an office building, a single department within a corporate office, or even a home office.
hosts “talk” to each other using a computer language called binary code , which consists of lots of 1s and 0s in a specific order that describes exactly what they want to “say.”
it’s still best to split a big LAN into smaller logical zones known as workgroups to make administration easier.
hub and switch these are just connectivity devices that allow hosts to physically connect to resources on an LAN.
a router to connect the two LANs,
A client machine is any device on the network that can ask for access to resources like a printer or other hosts from a server or powerful workstation.
The term host is used to describe pretty much anything that takes an IP address.
Dedicated servers are file servers, mail, print, web, fax, application, telephony, and proxy servers.
host means any network device with an IP address.
for the Network+ exam, stick to the definition being network devices, including workstations and servers, with IP addresses.
WANs usually need a router port or ports.
WANs span larger geographic areas and/or can link disparate locations.
WANs are usually slower.
We can choose when and how long we connect to a WAN. A LAN is all or nothing—our workstation is connected to it either permanently or not at all, although most of us have dedicated WAN links now.
WANs can utilize either private or public data transport media such as phone lines.
The Internet is a prime example of what’s known as a distributed WAN an internetwork that’s made up of a lot of interconnected computers located in a lot of different places.
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) advantages are:
Physical layout flexibility, Prioritizing of data, Redundancy in case of link failure, and One-to-many connection.
MPLS is a switching mechanism that imposes labels (numbers) to data and then uses those labels to forward data when it arrives at the MPLS network,
The labels are assigned on the edge of the MPLS network, and forwarding inside the MPLS network (cloud) is done solely based on labels through virtual links instead of physical links.
Prioritizing data is a huge advantage; for example, voice data could have priority over basic data based on the labels.
Computers connected together in peer-to-peer networks do not have any central, or special, authority—they’re all peers , meaning that when it comes to authority, they’re all equals.
Client-server networks are pretty much the polar opposite of peer-to-peer networks because in them, a single server uses a network operating system for managing the whole network.
the bus topology consists of two distinct and terminated ends, with each of its computers connecting to one unbroken cable running its entire length.
fault tolerance is the capability of a computer or a network system to respond to a condition automatically, often resolving it, which reduces the impact on the system.
A star topology’s computers are connected to a central point with their own individual cables or wireless connections.
Star topology offers a lot of advantages over bus topology, making it more widely used even though it obviously requires more physical media.
Another great thing about a star topology is that it’s a lot more scalable—all you have to do if you want to add to it is run a new cable and connect to the machine at the core of the star.
Disadvantages of a Star:
The total installation cost can be higher because of the larger number of cables, even though prices are becoming more competitive.
It has a single point of failure—the hub or other central device.
Advantages of a star:
New stations can be added or moved easily and quickly.
A single cable failure won’t bring down the entire network.
It’s relatively easy to troubleshoot.
hybrid mesh topology networks will have quite a few connections between certain places to create redundancy (backup).
A full mesh physical topology is least likely to have a collision, which happens when the data from two hosts trying to communicate simultaneously “collides” and gets lost.
a point-to-multipoint topology consists of a succession of connections between an interface on one router and multiple destination routers—one point of connection to multiple points of connection.
hybrid topology means just that—a combination of two or more types of physical or logical network topologies working together within the same network.
when you’re faced with coming up with the right topology for the right network:
Cost Ease of installation Ease of maintenance Fault-tolerance requirement Security requirement
When we refer to a segment, we can mean any small section of the network that may be connected to, but isn’t actually a piece of, the backbone.
A campus area network (CAN) refers to a network that encompasses several buildings.
Classic Storage area networks (SANs) are comprised of high-capacity storage devices that are connected by a high-speed private network (separate from the LAN) using a storage-specific switch.
What are the three basic LAN topologies?
What common WAN topology often results in multiple connections to a single site (leading to a high degree of fault tolerance) and has one-to-many connections?
What is the term for a device that shares its resources with other network devices?
What network model draws a clear distinction between devices that share their resources and devices that do not?
Which network topology or connection type can be implemented with only two endpoints?
What device is generally implemented as a star topology?
What does MPLS stand for?
What does WAN stand for?
Will a computer that shares no resources most likely be connected to the backbone or to asegment?
Which LAN topology is characterized by all devices being daisy-chained together with the devices at each end being connected to only one other device?
You need a network that provides centralized authentication for your users. Which of the following logical topologies should you use?
A client-server logical topology allows you to have a centralized database of users so that authentication is provided in one place.
You need a topology that is scalable to use in your network. Which of the following will you install?
To install a physical topology that provides ease of scalability, use a star network. This is a hub or switch device, and this is the most common LAN network today.
