Chapter 8: intelligence

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

the ability to solve problems and adapt and learn from experiences
- practical know-how
- ability to adapt, shape, and select environments
- ability to use tools of the culture with help from more-skilled individuals

Question 2

indivudal differences

Answer 2

measured by intelligence tests designed to tell whether a person can reason better than others who have taken the test

Question 3

Alfred Binet stressed…

Answer 3

the core of intelligence consists of complex cognitive processes
- memory, imagery, comprehension, and judgement

Question 4

mental age

Answer 4

an individual’s level of mental development relative to others
- compared to chronological age
- MA scores correspond to CA scores for an average child (except bright children)

Question 5

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 5

an individual’s MA divided by CA multiplied by 100

Question 6

Stanford-Binet 5 Test analyzes 5 content areas

Answer 6

1. fluid reasoning
2. knowledge
3. quantitive reasoning
4. visual-spatial reasoning
5. working memory

• compares one’s performancence with the results of others the same age

Question 7

Weschler Intelligence Scale

Answer 7

• one for 6-16 year olds
• one for 2-7 year olds
  Provides IQ score with…
  1. verbal comprehension
  2. working memory
  3. processing speed
  4. fluid reasoning
  5. visual spatial

Question 8

Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 8

1. analytical intelligence
2. creative intelligence
3. practical intelligence

Question 9

analytical intelligence

Answer 9

ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast

Question 10

creative intelligence

Answer 10

ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine

Question 11

practical intelligence

Answer 11

ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice

Question 12

Gardeners Theory of Multiple Intelligences (8)

Answer 12

• believed that IQ tests measure verbal, math, and spatial aspects of intelligence looking over other abilities
  1. verbal
  2. mathematical
  3. spatial
  4. bolidy-kinesthetic
  5. musical
  6. interpersonal
  7. intrapersonal
  8. naturalist

Question 13

Sternberg’s and Gardener’s theories both acknowledge…

Answer 13

social intelligence

Question 14

emotional intelligence

Answer 14

emphasizes interpersonal, intrapersonal, and practical aspects
- ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, understand emotion, and manage emotions in oneself and others

Question 15

the neuroscience of intelligence

Answer 15

using MRI scans suggest a moderate correlation between brain size and intelligence
distributed neural network involving the frontal and parietal lobes is related to higher intelligence

Question 16

how many genes affect intelligence?

Answer 16

over 1,000

Question 17

flynn effect

Answer 17

a worldwide increase in IQ scores over a relatively short amount of time

Question 18

stereotype threat

Answer 18

a fear that one’s behavior might confirm a negative stereotype about one’s group

Question 19

culture-fair tests

Answer 19

designed to avoid cultural bias

Question 20

fagan test of infant intelligence

Answer 20

infants ability to process information by encding attributes of objects, detecting similarities and differences, formal mental representations, and retrieving these representations

Question 21

Schaies extensive longitudinal study tested 6 main mental abilities in adulthood…

Answer 21

1. verbal comprehension
2. verbal memory
3. numerical ability
4. spatial orientation
5. inductive reasoning
6. perceptual speed
   - verbal ability and inductive reasoning peaks in middle age
   - numeric ability and perceptual speed decline

Question 22

cognitive mechanics

Answer 22

-declines with age
- hardware of the mine representing the neurophysiological architecture of the brain
- speed and accuracy in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison and categorization

Question 23

cognitive pragmatics

Answer 23

-may decline but can also improve in old age
- software of the mind
-reading and writing, language comprehension, educational qualifications, professional skills, self and life skills

Question 24

wisdom

Answer 24

expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters
- many factors including personality

Question 25

intellectual disability

Answer 25

a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual…
- IQ below 70
- difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life
- exhibits these characteristics by age 18

Question 26

classifications of intellectual ability

Answer 26

1. intermittent - as needed support
2. limited - intense consistent support
3. extensive - daily support
4. pervasive - constant intense support

Question 27

organic intellectual disability

Answer 27

a genetic disorder or lower level of intelligence due to brain damage
ie. down syndrome

Question 28

cultural-familial intellectual disability

Answer 28

no evidence of organic brain damage and often emerges from below-average intellectual environments
- less severe

Question 29

gifted

Answer 29

high intelligence (130 IQ) or superior talent

Question 30

characteristics between children who are gifted

Answer 30

• precocity
• marching to their own drum
• passion to master
• information processing skills

Question 31

creativity

Answer 31

the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique, good solutions to problems

Question 32

divergent thinking

Answer 32

many answers to the same question

Question 33

convergent thinking

Answer 33

only one correct answer

Question 34

five-step creative process sequence

Answer 34

1. preparation
2. incubation
3. insight
4. evaluation
5. elaboration