Chapter 8: intelligence Flashcards
intelligence
the ability to solve problems and adapt and learn from experiences
- practical know-how
- ability to adapt, shape, and select environments
- ability to use tools of the culture with help from more-skilled individuals
indivudal differences
measured by intelligence tests designed to tell whether a person can reason better than others who have taken the test
Alfred Binet stressed…
the core of intelligence consists of complex cognitive processes
- memory, imagery, comprehension, and judgement
mental age
an individual’s level of mental development relative to others
- compared to chronological age
- MA scores correspond to CA scores for an average child (except bright children)
intelligence quotient (IQ)
an individual’s MA divided by CA multiplied by 100
Stanford-Binet 5 Test analyzes 5 content areas
- fluid reasoning
- knowledge
- quantitive reasoning
- visual-spatial reasoning
- working memory
- compares one’s performancence with the results of others the same age
Weschler Intelligence Scale
- one for 6-16 year olds
- one for 2-7 year olds
Provides IQ score with…
1. verbal comprehension
2. working memory
3. processing speed
4. fluid reasoning
5. visual spatial
Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence
- analytical intelligence
- creative intelligence
- practical intelligence
analytical intelligence
ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast
creative intelligence
ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine
practical intelligence
ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice
Gardeners Theory of Multiple Intelligences (8)
- believed that IQ tests measure verbal, math, and spatial aspects of intelligence looking over other abilities
1. verbal
2. mathematical
3. spatial
4. bolidy-kinesthetic
5. musical
6. interpersonal
7. intrapersonal
8. naturalist
Sternberg’s and Gardener’s theories both acknowledge…
social intelligence
emotional intelligence
emphasizes interpersonal, intrapersonal, and practical aspects
- ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, understand emotion, and manage emotions in oneself and others
the neuroscience of intelligence
using MRI scans suggest a moderate correlation between brain size and intelligence
distributed neural network involving the frontal and parietal lobes is related to higher intelligence
how many genes affect intelligence?
over 1,000
flynn effect
a worldwide increase in IQ scores over a relatively short amount of time
stereotype threat
a fear that one’s behavior might confirm a negative stereotype about one’s group
culture-fair tests
designed to avoid cultural bias
fagan test of infant intelligence
infants ability to process information by encding attributes of objects, detecting similarities and differences, formal mental representations, and retrieving these representations
Schaies extensive longitudinal study tested 6 main mental abilities in adulthood…
- verbal comprehension
- verbal memory
- numerical ability
- spatial orientation
- inductive reasoning
- perceptual speed
- verbal ability and inductive reasoning peaks in middle age
- numeric ability and perceptual speed decline
cognitive mechanics
-declines with age
- hardware of the mine representing the neurophysiological architecture of the brain
- speed and accuracy in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison and categorization
cognitive pragmatics
-may decline but can also improve in old age
- software of the mind
-reading and writing, language comprehension, educational qualifications, professional skills, self and life skills
wisdom
expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters
- many factors including personality
