Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lifespan Development > Chapter 5: motor, sensory, and perceptual Development > Flashcards

Chapter 5: motor, sensory, and perceptual Development Flashcards

1
Q

dynamic systems theory

A

infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

motor behaviors are the result of…

A

body’s physical properties, nervous system development, the child’s goal and environmental support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

reflexes allow infants to…

A

respond adaptively to the environment before they have had the opportunity to learn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rooting reflex

A

when an infant’s cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched, the infant turns its head and tried to find something to suck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sucking reflex

A

occurs when infants suck an object placed in their mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

moro reflex

A

a startle response to sudden, intense noise or movement (ie. newborns arch their back or throw back their head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

grasping reflex

A

infants tightly grasp any object placed in their palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gross motor skills

A

involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one’s arms or walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

development of gross motor skills requires…

A

requires postural control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dynamic processes are linked with… (3)

A
  1. sensory information in the skin, joints, and muscles to sense where we are
  2. vestibular organs to regulate balance
  3. vision and hearing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which 2 things are linked to learning to walk and sitting upright?

A

locomotion and postural control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in the second year of life infant are able to…

A

explore the environment more extensively and initiate social interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

infants’ development of a skill requires…

A

considerable behavioral flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

boys usually outperform girls in ________

A

gross motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

girls usually outperform boys in ______

A

fine motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

decline in general biological functioning begins at the age of ___

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

leading cause of injury death in adults 65+

A

Falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fine motor skills

A

involve finley tuned movements, such as any task requiring finger dexterity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

palmer grasp in infants

A

grasp with whole hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pincer grip in infants

A

grab small objects with thumb and forefinger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

perceptual-motor coupling is necessary to…

A

coordinate grasping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the improvement of fine motor skills is supported by…..

A

increased myelination of the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

children begin to show manipulative skills such as complex, intricate, and rapid movements similar to the abilities of adults at ages….

A

ages 10-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gross and fine motor skills are associated with….

A

cognitive function

25
Q

sensation

A

reaction that occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors

26
Q

sensory receptors

A

eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin

27
Q

cochlea and auditory nerve

A

hearing

28
Q

retina and optic nerve

A

vision

29
Q

perception

A

interpretation of what is sensed

30
Q

an ecological view of sensation and perception

A

we directly perceive information that exists in the world around us and perception brings people in contact with the environment in order to interact with it and adapt

31
Q

affordances

A

opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities
ie. a pot you cook with can also be something you bang on

32
Q

perceptual narrowing

A

distinguishing between known and unknown faces and new faces

33
Q

sensory stimulation is _______ but perception remains ______

A

sensory is changing
perception is constant

34
Q

size constancy

A

recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image changes

35
Q

shape constancy

A

recognition that an object remins the same shape even though its orientation to us changes

36
Q

visual perception of depth is affected by….

A

experience

37
Q

infants use binocular cues to depth by age….

A

3-4 months of age

38
Q

children become increasingly efficient in detecting boundaries between colors at ages….

A

3-4 years olf

39
Q

many preschool children are…

A

farsighted

40
Q

by first grade, most children can…

A

focus their eyes and sustain attention effectively on close-up objects

41
Q

visual decline in late adulthood is linked to…

A

cognitive decline and having fewer social contacts

42
Q

declines in vision because of age include…

A

visual acuity, color vision, and depth perception

43
Q

accommodation of the eye

A

the eye’s ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina
- declines most sharply between 40-59 years olf

44
Q

presbyopia

A

difficulty viewing close objects and an increased blind spot

45
Q

color vision may decline in which part of our eye’s color spectrum as we age?

A

green-blue-violet color spectrum

46
Q

cataracts

A

a thickening of the lens of the eye which causes vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted

47
Q

glaucoma

A

damage to the optic nerve due to pressure created by fluid buildup in the eye

48
Q

macular degeneration

A

causes deterioration of the macula of the retina, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field and unable to see clearly in front

49
Q

during the last 2 months of pregnancy the fetus can…

A

hear sounds outside the womb

50
Q

by 6 months infants become more proficient at…

A

localization or detecting the origin of a sound

51
Q

hearing can start to decline by the age of…

A

40 years old

52
Q

dual sensory loss in vision and hearing has been linked to…

A

-reduced social participation
-less social support
- increased loneliness
- greater functional limitations
- cognitive decline
- communication problems
-depressive symptoms

53
Q

what percentage of older adults report some persistent pain?

A

60%-75%

54
Q

can newborns differentiate odors?

A

yes

55
Q

when does the decrease in the sensitivity to smell generally become noticeable?

A

60s

56
Q

when do infants begin to prefer salty tastes?

A

4 months

57
Q

intermodal perception

A

the ability to integrate information about two or more sensory modalities, such as vision or hearing

58
Q

Nativist view on perception

A

Nativists view the ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized way as inborn or innate

59
Q

Empiricists’ view on perception

A

empiricists emphasize the role of learning and experience

Lifespan Development (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions