Chapter 8 - Individual And Group Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

Social influence

A

How people change their behaviour or attitudes due to the direct or indirect influence of others.

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2
Q

What is a group?

A

Two or more people who interact with and influence one another and work towards a common goal.

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3
Q

What is a collective?

A

A collection of people who exert minimal influence on each other and don’t interact with every other person in the collection.

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4
Q

Status

A

The level of importance (real or imagined) that group members perceive regarding another group member’s position in that group.

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5
Q

Power

A

An individual’s ability to control or strongly influence the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of another person or group.

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6
Q

What are the six types of power?

A

Coercive power, Expert power, Informational power, Legitimate power, Referent power, Reward power

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7
Q

Role

A

The behaviour adopted by an individual or assigned to them that influences how they function or act in different situations.

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8
Q

Groupthink

A

When group members desire to maintain group loyalty becomes more important than making the best choices.

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9
Q

Group shift

A

When discussion leads a group to adopt attitudes or actions that are more extreme than the initial attitudes or actions of the individual group members.

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10
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A
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11
Q

Deindividuation

A

When people act a certain way because of the anonymity (loss of identity) that a group provides.

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12
Q

Culture

A

The many characteristics of a group of people, including their attitudes, behaviours, customs and values that are transmitted from one generation to the next.

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13
Q

Individualist cultures

A

Cultures that stress the needs of the individual over the needs of the group as a whole.

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14
Q

Collectivist cultures

A

Cultures that emphasise the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and desires of each individual.

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15
Q

Obedience

A

The act of people changing their behaviour in response to direct commands from an authority figure.

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16
Q

Social proximity

A

In the field of psychology, how physically close one or more people are to each other.

17
Q

Conformity

A

The process by which people modify their ideas, attitudes, behaviours or perceptions to more closely, reflect those held by groups, to which they belong or aspire to belong.

18
Q

Legitimacy of the authority figure

A

A concert referring to an authority figure who has a higher position or studies in a social hierarchy.

19
Q

Group pressure

A

An occurrence, in which other members reveal whether they are obedient to the authority, figure or not.

20
Q

Normative influence

A

Conforming because we want other people to like us.
The occurrence in which we conform with others because we want to be liked by them - and we assume that our conformity will make them like us more.

21
Q

Informational influence

A

Conforming because they want to be correct.
An occurrence in which a person conforms because they want to be right, so they look to others, they believe might have more information.

22
Q

Unanimity

A

The complete agreement that group members experience in terms of knowing the answer.

23
Q

Group size

A

The number of individuals within a group; increase in group size can correspond to a rise in conformity (but only up to a point)

24
Q

Social loafing

A

A persons tendency to reduce their effort when working in a group, as opposed to when working alone.

25
Q

Confederate

A

In an experiment, someone who is part of the team of experimenters but pretends to be the subject of the experiment, (or neutral)

26
Q

Coercive power

A

A person or agency has the ability to punish.

The police have coercive power.

27
Q

Expert power

A

A person or agency has specialist knowledge and skills.

An IT consultant of technician has expert power.

28
Q

Informational power

A

A personal agency has useful information that isn’t readily available anywhere else.

A librarian has informational power.

29
Q

Legitimate power

A

A personal agency with a formally recognised position in an organisation to exert right over others and prescribe behaviours in others,

Members of parliament have legitimate power.

30
Q

Referent power

A

A personal agency has the quality of being idolise or adored as a role model.

The pope has referent power.
A social media influencer has referent power.

31
Q

Reward power

A

A person or agency has the ability to reward behaviour positively or by removing negative effects.

Parents have reward power.
Teachers have reward power.

32
Q

Antisocial behaviours

A

Antisocial behaviors refer to actions that disregard or violate the rights of others. These behaviors can include aggression, dishonesty, rule-breaking, and lack of empathy. Antisocial behaviors are often associated with traits such as impulsivity, disregard for societal norms, and a lack of concern for the well-being of others.

33
Q

Pro social behaviours

A

Prosocial behaviors are actions that benefit others or society as a whole. These behaviors can include acts of kindness, cooperation, empathy, and helping others in need. Prosocial behaviors are often driven by empathy, a sense of responsibility, and a desire to contribute positively to the well-being of others.