Chapter 8 - Individual And Group Behaviour

Question 1

Social influence

Answer 1

How people change their behaviour or attitudes due to the direct or indirect influence of others.

Question 2

What is a group?

Answer 2

Two or more people who interact with and influence one another and work towards a common goal.

Question 3

What is a collective?

Answer 3

A collection of people who exert minimal influence on each other and don’t interact with every other person in the collection.

Question 4

Status

Answer 4

The level of importance (real or imagined) that group members perceive regarding another group member’s position in that group.

Question 5

Power

Answer 5

An individual’s ability to control or strongly influence the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of another person or group.

Question 6

What are the six types of power?

Answer 6

Coercive power, Expert power, Informational power, Legitimate power, Referent power, Reward power

Question 7

Role

Answer 7

The behaviour adopted by an individual or assigned to them that influences how they function or act in different situations.

Question 8

Groupthink

Answer 8

When group members desire to maintain group loyalty becomes more important than making the best choices.

Question 9

Group shift

Answer 9

When discussion leads a group to adopt attitudes or actions that are more extreme than the initial attitudes or actions of the individual group members.

Question 10

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 11

Deindividuation

Answer 11

When people act a certain way because of the anonymity (loss of identity) that a group provides.

Question 12

Culture

Answer 12

The many characteristics of a group of people, including their attitudes, behaviours, customs and values that are transmitted from one generation to the next.

Question 13

Individualist cultures

Answer 13

Cultures that stress the needs of the individual over the needs of the group as a whole.

Question 14

Collectivist cultures

Answer 14

Cultures that emphasise the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and desires of each individual.

Question 15

Obedience

Answer 15

The act of people changing their behaviour in response to direct commands from an authority figure.

Question 16

Social proximity

Answer 16

In the field of psychology, how physically close one or more people are to each other.

Question 17

Conformity

Answer 17

The process by which people modify their ideas, attitudes, behaviours or perceptions to more closely, reflect those held by groups, to which they belong or aspire to belong.

Question 18

Legitimacy of the authority figure

Answer 18

A concert referring to an authority figure who has a higher position or studies in a social hierarchy.

Question 19

Group pressure

Answer 19

An occurrence, in which other members reveal whether they are obedient to the authority, figure or not.

Question 20

Normative influence

Answer 20

Conforming because we want other people to like us.
The occurrence in which we conform with others because we want to be liked by them - and we assume that our conformity will make them like us more.

Question 21

Informational influence

Answer 21

Conforming because they want to be correct.
An occurrence in which a person conforms because they want to be right, so they look to others, they believe might have more information.

Question 22

Unanimity

Answer 22

The complete agreement that group members experience in terms of knowing the answer.

Question 23

Group size

Answer 23

The number of individuals within a group; increase in group size can correspond to a rise in conformity (but only up to a point)

Question 24

Social loafing

Answer 24

A persons tendency to reduce their effort when working in a group, as opposed to when working alone.

Question 25

Confederate

Answer 25

In an experiment, someone who is part of the team of experimenters but pretends to be the subject of the experiment, (or neutral)

Question 26

Coercive power

Answer 26

A person or agency has the ability to punish. The police have coercive power.

Question 27

Expert power

Answer 27

A person or agency has specialist knowledge and skills. An IT consultant of technician has expert power.

Question 28

Informational power

Answer 28

A personal agency has useful information that isn’t readily available anywhere else. A librarian has informational power.

Question 29

Legitimate power

Answer 29

A personal agency with a formally recognised position in an organisation to exert right over others and prescribe behaviours in others, Members of parliament have legitimate power.

Question 30

Referent power

Answer 30

A personal agency has the quality of being idolise or adored as a role model. The pope has referent power. A social media influencer has referent power.

Question 31

Reward power

Answer 31

A person or agency has the ability to reward behaviour positively or by removing negative effects. Parents have reward power. Teachers have reward power.

Question 32

Antisocial behaviours

Answer 32

Antisocial behaviors refer to actions that disregard or violate the rights of others. These behaviors can include aggression, dishonesty, rule-breaking, and lack of empathy. Antisocial behaviors are often associated with traits such as impulsivity, disregard for societal norms, and a lack of concern for the well-being of others.

Question 33

Pro social behaviours

Answer 33

Prosocial behaviors are actions that benefit others or society as a whole. These behaviors can include acts of kindness, cooperation, empathy, and helping others in need. Prosocial behaviors are often driven by empathy, a sense of responsibility, and a desire to contribute positively to the well-being of others.