Chapter 8 human factors

Question 1

Hypoxia

Answer 1

State of oxygen defiance in body sufficient to impair functions of brain and other organs

Question 2

Where does hypoxis occur and symptoms

Answer 2

At night can be as low as 5000’ but usually in 12000’ to 15000’ alt, judgement, memory alter ness, coordination, and ability to make calculations are impaired and headache, drowsiness, dizziness and of well being or belligerence occur. Effects worse above 15000’

Question 3

Factors make one more susceptible to hypoxia

Answer 3

Carbon monoxide inhaled, lowered anemia and certain medications can reduce oxygen carrrying capacity of blood. Small amounts of alcohol and low doses of drugs

Question 4

Can hypoxia avoided

Answer 4

Prevented by heeding factors that reduce tolerance to alt, enriching the inspired air with oxygen from an appropriate oxygen system and maintaining safe cabin pressure alt.

Question 5

Hyperventilation

Answer 5

Abnormal increase in volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs, can occur subconsciously when in a stressful situation is encountered in flight. Significant decrease in carbon dioxide content of blood. Carbon dioxide regulates the breathing process

Question 6

Symptoms of hyperventilation

Answer 6

Blows off excessive carbon dioxide for the body,
Light headed ness, Suffocation, Drowsiness and Tingling in extremities
React with greater hypervent. Eventually result from incoordination, disorientation, and painful muscle spasms. Finally unconsciousness occurs

Question 7

Hyperventilating reversed

Answer 7

Symptoms subside within few minutes after breathing is brought back to normal. Control breathing in and out of paper bag held over nose and mouth

Question 8

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 8

Is colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas contained in exhaust fumes. If inhaled, reduces ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Effects of hypoxia occur

Question 9

Carbon monoxide poisoning occur and symptoms

Answer 9

Most heaters in small planes work by air flowing over manifold. The use of the heaters while exhaust fumes are escaping thru manifold cracks and seals. Symptoms of headache, drowsiness, or dizziness.

Question 10

Action taken if suspect carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 10

Immediately shut off heater and open all vents. If severe get medical treatment

Question 11

Cause of motion sickness and symptoms

Answer 11

Caused by continues stimulation of inner ear, which controls sense of balance. Symptoms progressive and cause loss of appetite, saliva collection, nausea, disorientation, headaches, and vomiting

Question 12

Action taken if motion sickness occurs

Answer 12

Open all vents, loosen clothing, and supplemental oxygen and keep eyes on a point outside of plane

Question 13

Ear block

Answer 13

Cabin pressure decreases during ascent, expanding air in the middle ear pushes the Eustachian tube open. Air escapes down the nasal passages and equalizes the pressure with the cabin pressure. During descent, pilot must periodically open Eustachian tube to equalize pressure. Cold or congestion can make equalizing hard. The difference in pressure in cabin and ear can build to a level that can hold the Eustachian tube closed