Chapter 8 - Group Influence Flashcards
What is meant by a “group?”
Two or more people who, for longer than a few minutes, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as an “us”.
Co-actors
Co-participants working individually on a noncompetitive activity.
What is social facilitation?
(1) Original meaning: the tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present
(2) Current meaning: the strengthening of dominant (prevalent, likely) responses in the presence of others.
What is meant by the “mere presence of others?”
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When can the presence of other help and hinder a person’s performance—and what is the importance of “arousal?”
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Explanations for the affect of the presence of others on arousal—
e.g., evaluation apprehension, distraction, mere presence
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Evaluation apprehension
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Distraction
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Mere Presence
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What are social loafing and the importance of “deindividuation?”
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Social Loafing
The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable
Know the “rope-pulling” study that finds effects of social loafing, as well as everyday applications
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“Rope-pulling” study
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Social Loafing in Everyday Life
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Free riders
People who benefit from the group but give little in return
What is “deindividuation”?
Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group norms, good or bad.
What is “deindividuation,” and how does it occur?
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Know some of the research that tests the affects of
“deindividuation,” especially the Halloween study by Ed Diener
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Know some of the research that tests the affects of
“deindividuation,” especially the Halloween study by Ed Diener
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Know some of the research that tests the affects of
“deindividuation,” especially the Halloween study by Ed Diener
?
Self-awareness
A self-conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself. It makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and behaviors.
How can we reduce deindividuation (e.g., self-awareness)?
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What is group polarization?
Group-produced enhancement of member’s preexisting tendencies; a strengthening of the member’s average tendency, not a split within the group
