Chapter 8- Genetic Information Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is a gene pool

A

Sum total of all genes in a population at one time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What determines allele frequency

A

The number of individuals carrying a certain allele in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the hardy Weinberg equation

A

P2 +2pq + q2 = 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the hardy Weinberg equation represent- p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

A
P= homozygous dominant
Pq= heterozygous
q= homozygous recessive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A

In a population that is not evolving the little frequencies in the population will remain stable from one generation to the next in the absence of other evolutionary influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What conditions are needed for the hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A
No mutations
Random mating
Large population
Population is isolated
No selection pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is random mating important for the hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A

Random meeting means that the likelihood of any two individuals in a population will mate is independent of the genetic make up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is isolation important for The hardy Wineberg equilibrium

A

Without isolation gene flow occurs to make the populations more alike and changes allele frequency within each individual population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A

Mathematical relationship between the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is gene flow

A

The migration of either whole organisms or genetic material into out of a population, tending to make different populations more like, but changing the allele frequency within a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the population bottleneck

A

The effect of an event that dramatically reduces the size of the population and cause a severe decrease in the gene pool of the population resulting in large changes in allele frequencies and reduction of genetic diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the founder effect

A

The loss of genetic variation that occurs when a small number of individuals become isolated forming a new population with a little frequency is not representative of the original population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give 5 examples of population bottlenecks

A
Environmental disaster
Drought
Disease
Hunting
Habitat destruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What affect does a population bottleneck have on mutation

A

With a reduced population of single mutation can have a bigger effect than usual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the effect of cheaters small gene pool

A

Lack of diversity result in low fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is stabilising selection

A

Selection acting to conserve what is already present in a population reducing variation so the frequency of some alleles is very high and others are reduced

17
Q

What is directional selection

A

When environmental pressure is applied to population changes from one phenotype property to the new more advantageous one

18
Q

What is disruptive/diversifying selection

A

An increase in the diversity of the population common when conditions are diverse and small sub populations involve different phenotypes suited for their niche

19
Q

What is genetic drift

A

Random changes in the gene pool the population that to go by chance