Chapter 8- Genetic Information Flashcards
What is a gene pool
Sum total of all genes in a population at one time
What determines allele frequency
The number of individuals carrying a certain allele in a population
What is the hardy Weinberg equation
P2 +2pq + q2 = 1
What does the hardy Weinberg equation represent- p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
P= homozygous dominant Pq= heterozygous q= homozygous recessive
What is a hardy Weinberg equilibrium
In a population that is not evolving the little frequencies in the population will remain stable from one generation to the next in the absence of other evolutionary influences
What conditions are needed for the hardy Weinberg equilibrium
No mutations Random mating Large population Population is isolated No selection pressure
Why is random mating important for the hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Random meeting means that the likelihood of any two individuals in a population will mate is independent of the genetic make up
Why is isolation important for The hardy Wineberg equilibrium
Without isolation gene flow occurs to make the populations more alike and changes allele frequency within each individual population
What is the hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Mathematical relationship between the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in the population
What is gene flow
The migration of either whole organisms or genetic material into out of a population, tending to make different populations more like, but changing the allele frequency within a population
What is the population bottleneck
The effect of an event that dramatically reduces the size of the population and cause a severe decrease in the gene pool of the population resulting in large changes in allele frequencies and reduction of genetic diversity
What is the founder effect
The loss of genetic variation that occurs when a small number of individuals become isolated forming a new population with a little frequency is not representative of the original population
Give 5 examples of population bottlenecks
Environmental disaster Drought Disease Hunting Habitat destruction
What affect does a population bottleneck have on mutation
With a reduced population of single mutation can have a bigger effect than usual
What is the effect of cheaters small gene pool
Lack of diversity result in low fertility