Chapter 8 - Genes to Proteins

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

A macromolecule made up of repeating subunits called amino acids, which determine the shape and function. Play many critical roles in living organisms

Question 2

Amino Acids

Answer 2

The building blocks of proteins

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A sequence of DNA that contains the information to make at least one protein

Question 4

Gene Expression

Answer 4

The process of using DNA instruction as to make proteins

Question 5

regulatory sequence

Answer 5

The part of a gene that determines the timing, amount, and location of protein production

Question 6

Coding sequence

Answer 6

The part of a gene that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein. determine the identity, shape, and function of proteins

Question 7

Transcription

Answer 7

The first stage of gene expression, during which cells produce molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) from the instructions encoded within genes in DNA

Question 8

Messenger RNA(mRNA)

Answer 8

The RNA copy of an original DNA sequence made during transcription

Question 9

Translation

Answer 9

The second stage of gene expression, during which mRNA sequences are used to assemble the corresponding amino acids to make a protein

Question 10

RNA polymerase

Answer 10

The enzyme that carries out transcription, copies a strand of DNA into a complementary strand of mRNA

Question 11

Ribosome

Answer 11

The cellular machinery that assembles proteins during translation

Question 12

Codon

Answer 12

A sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid

Question 13

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 13

A type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome during translation

Question 14

anticodon

Answer 14

The part of a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon

Question 15

Genetic code

Answer 15

The set of rules relating particular mRNA codons to particular amino acids

Question 16

transgenic

Answer 16

refers to an organism that carries one or more genes from a different species

Question 17

recombinant gene

Answer 17

a genetically engineered gene that contains portions of genes not naturally found together

Question 18

genetic engineering

Answer 18

altering of manipulating the DNA of organisms by modern laboratory techniques

Question 19

Vector

Answer 19

A DNA molecule used to deliver a recombinant gene to a host cell

Question 20

genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Answer 20

An organism whose genome has been altered through genetic engineering techniques, often to contain a gene from another species.

Question 21

Gene Therapy

Answer 21

A treatment that aims to cure, treat, or prevent human disease by replacing defective genes with functional ones

Question 22

Amino Acids all have the same…

Answer 22

Basic core structure

Question 23

What is unique on each amino acid?

Answer 23

chemical side group

Question 24

What shape do amino acids fold into? What is the base of the structure?

Answer 24

3-D ; protein based

Question 25

Changing an amino acid in a sequence will change the….

Answer 25

3-D shape of the protein

Question 26

Genes encode instructions for…

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

Where are genes found?

Answer 27

On chromosomes

Question 28

What are the two parts of a gene?

Answer 28

Regulatory sequence and coding sequence

Question 29

What are the two steps of gene expression?

Answer 29

Transcription and translation

Question 30

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 30

in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells