Chapter 8: Gender Flashcards
removal of a woman’s sexually sensitive clitoris
Female Circumcision or Genital Cutting
an intellectual, consciousness-raising movement to get people to understand that gender is an organizing principle of life; the underlying belief is that women and men should be accorded equal opportunities and respect
Feminism
the BIOLOGICAL differences that distinguish male from female
Sex
refers to desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior
Sexuality
denotes a SOCIAL position, the set of social arrangements that are built around sex categories
Gender
Difference between Sex, Sexuality, and Gender
- Sex - biological differences that distinguish male from female
- Sexuality - desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior
- Gender - denotes a SOCIAL position, the set of social arrangements that are built around sex categories
line of thought that explains social phenomena in terms of natural ones
Essentialism
a line of thought that explains social behavior in terms of biological givens
Biological Determinism
dominant and privileged, if invisible, category of men
Hegemonic Masculinity
the complete dominance of a group of people over another, a type of power that is so complete that it goes UNNOTICED by the people who are dominated
Hegemony
sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one’s status as a male or female
Gender Roles
a nearly universal system involving the subordination of feminity to masculinity
Patriarchy
Rubin’s Sex/Gender System
- structural perspective that women’s subordination was not natural or a given but created by society to fulfill a function
- in the sex/gender system, biological sex is transformed into asymmetrical gender status
theoretical tradition claiming that every society has certain structures (ex. the family, the division of labor, gender) which exist in order to fulfill some set of functions (reproduction of the human race, production of goods, etc)
Structural Functionalism Theory
Talcott Parson’s theory that men and women perform their sex roles (as breadwinners, wives/mothers) because the nuclear family is the ideal arrangement in modern societies, fulfilling the function of reproducing workers
Sex Role Theory