Chapter 6: Social Control and Deviance

Question 1

suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration. Suicide for the good of the group, ex:’marine jumping on grenade to save buddies’

Answer 1

Altruistic suicide

Question 2

suicide that occurs as a result of too little social regulation.

Answer 2

Anomic suicide

Question 3

a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation.

Answer 3

Anomie

Question 4

theory explaining how social context and social cues of disorder impact whether individuals act deviantly: specifically, whether local, informal social norms allow such acts.

Answer 4

Broken windows theory of deviance

Question 5

the common faith or set of social norms by which a society and its members abide; a set of common assumptions about how the world works.

Answer 5

Collective conscience

Question 6

a particular type of white-collar crime committed by the officers (CEOs and other executives) of a corporation.

Answer 6

Corporate crime

Question 7

philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits.

Answer 7

Deterrence theory

Question 8

theory stating that in addition to the legitimate economic structure, an illegitimate opportunity structure also exists which is unequally distributed across social classes.

Answer 8

Differential opportunity theory

Question 9

modes of monitoring, examining, and regimenting individuals that are diffused throughout society.

Answer 9

Disciplinary techniques

Question 10

suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated into a social group.

Answer 10

Egoistic suicide

Question 11

suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation.

Answer 11

Fatalistic suicide

Question 12

the violation of laws enacted by society.

Answer 12

Formal deviance or crime

Question 13

mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior.

Answer 13

Formal social sanctions

Question 14

when an individual who has been punished for a previous offense opts not to commit further crimes for fear of going back to jail.

Answer 14

General deterrence

Question 15

informal violations of social norms.

Answer 15

Informal deviance

Question 16

the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership, the unspoken rules of social life.

Answer 16

Informal social sanctions

Question 17

social deviant who accepts socially acceptable goals but rejects socially acceptable means to achieve them.

Answer 17

Innovator

Question 18

the belief that individuals unconsciously notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels, over time, come to form the basis of their self-identity.

Answer 18

Labeling theory

Question 19

social cohesion based on sameness.

Answer 19

Mechanical solidarity

Question 20

abiding by society’s norms or simply following the rules of group life.

Answer 20

Normative compliance

Question 21

social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts.

Answer 21

Organic solidarity

Question 22

a circular building composed of an inner ring and an outer ring designed to serve as a prison in which the detainees can always be seen and the observer-housed in the inner ring-is hidden from those being observed.

Answer 22

Panopticon

Question 23

the first act of rule-breaking that may incur a label of “deviant” and thus influence how people think about and act toward you.

Answer 23

Primary deviance

Question 24

individual who rejects socially acceptable goals and means but wants to alter or destroy the social institutions from which he or she is alienated.

Answer 24

Rebel

Question 25

when an individual who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts back to criminal behavior.

Answer 25

Recidivism

Question 26

a form of punishment designed to transform the offender into a productive member of society.

Answer 26

Rehabilitative sanction

Question 27

a form of punishment that attempts to restore the status quo which existed prior to an offense or event.

Answer 27

Restitutive sanction

Question 28

one who rejects both socially acceptable means and goals by completely retreating from, or not participating in, society.

Answer 28

Retreatist

Question 29

individual who rejects socially defined goals in order to live within his or her own means.

Answer 29

Ritualist

Question 30

subsequent acts of rule-breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people’s expectations of you.

Answer 30

Secondary deviance

Question 31

social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day-to-day basis.

Answer 31

Social cohesion

Question 32

those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals.

Answer 32

Social control

Question 33

any transgression of socially established norms.

Answer 33

Social deviance

Question 34

how well you are integrated into your social group or community.

Answer 34

Social integration

Question 35

the number of rules guiding your daily life and, more specifically, what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day-to-day basis.

Answer 35

Social regulation

Question 36

what the criminal justice system attempts when it monitors and tries to prevent known criminals from committing more crimes.

Answer 36

Specific deterrence

Question 37

a negative social label that not only changes your behavior toward a person, but also alters that person’s own self-concept and social identity.

Answer 37

Stigma

Question 38

crime committed in public and often associated with violence, gangs and poverty.

Answer 38

Street crime

Question 39

a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions.

Answer 39

Symbolic interactionism

Question 40

an institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-today life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority.

Answer 40

Total institution

Question 41

offense committed by a professional (or professionals) against a corporation, agency, or other business.

Answer 41

White-collar crime