Chapter 8 (enzymes) Flashcards
Catabolic Pathways (products and reactants)
Mechanism by which larger molecules are broken down into simpler ones
-reactants : food molecules
-Products: useful forms of energy, heat, and simpler building blocks
Anabolic Pathways (products and reactants)
Utilizes smaller components to build things that are unique to the organism
-Reactants: useful forms of energy and building blocks
-Products: bigger molecules
Metabolic pathways are diverse with respect to what 3 aspects
-Length of pathway
-Organization of pathway
-How the pathway can be regulated
Cellular work (3 types and what reaction are they coupled to)
These endergonic types of work are coupled to exergonic ATP hydrolysis
1)Mechanical work (muscle contractions)
2)Transport work (movement of solutes)
3)Chemical reactions
Oxidoreductase [What is the function?]
Electron Transfer
Transferase [What is the function?]
Transfers functional groups from one molecule to another
Hydrolases [What is the function?]
Hydrolysis of one molecule into more than one molecule
Lyase [What is the function?]
Removal/addition of a group to a molecule
Isomerase [What is the function?]
Movement of functional group within a molecule
Ligase [What is the function?]
Joins two molecules together
Enzyme Mechanisms
1)Bond distortion
2)Proton transfer (to increase reactivity)
3)Electron transfer (temporary covalent bond between the enzyme and the substrate)
Why does temperature affect enzyme function
At too high of temperatures, enzyme loses its fold
But generally an increase in temperature can make a reaction more favorable by giving the substrate sufficient energy to overcome energy barrier
Why does pH affect enzyme function
At different pH, the amino acids will have different charges because of protonation/deprotonation
will not be able to associate with the substrate in the same way
