Biology Chapter 5 (The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules) Flashcards
storage linkages
alpha glycosidic bonds
structural linkages
beta glycosidic bonds
interactions in different levels of protein structure
primary: linear sequence of amino acids (covalent bonding)
secondary: hydrogen bonding that arises between components of the backbone
tertiary: non-covalent (hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and van der waals) and covalent interactions (disulfide bridge) between R groups
quatenary: same interactions as tertiary
physical and chemical conditions that can denature a protein
salinity
temperature
ph (affects ability for two residues to sustain an ionic bond because of protonation/deprotonation)
difference between RNA and DNA sugar
rna has 2’ hydroxyl group while DNA (deoxyribose) doesnt have this hydroxyl group at the 2’ position and instead is deoxygenated and has a 2’ H
phosphoanhydride
the bonds of an atp molecule that stores more energy
starch
-polysaccharide of glucose with alpha linkages 1-4 & 1-6 that humans can hydrolyze
-stores energy in plants
-amylose (unbranched) and amylopectin (somewhat branched)
-starch is stores as starch grains in structures called plastids
-starch can be hydrolyzed to release energy
glycogen
-very branched polysaccharide of glucose
-stored in liver (maintains blood sugar)
-stored in muscle tissues - source of fuel to generate ATP for muscle contractions
-Energy storage for animals