Biology Chapter 5 (The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules)

Question 1

storage linkages

Answer 1

alpha glycosidic bonds

Question 2

structural linkages

Answer 2

beta glycosidic bonds

Question 3

interactions in different levels of protein structure

Answer 3

primary: linear sequence of amino acids (covalent bonding)
secondary: hydrogen bonding that arises between components of the backbone
tertiary: non-covalent (hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and van der waals) and covalent interactions (disulfide bridge) between R groups
quatenary: same interactions as tertiary

Question 4

physical and chemical conditions that can denature a protein

Answer 4

salinity
temperature
ph (affects ability for two residues to sustain an ionic bond because of protonation/deprotonation)

Question 5

difference between RNA and DNA sugar

Answer 5

rna has 2’ hydroxyl group while DNA (deoxyribose) doesnt have this hydroxyl group at the 2’ position and instead is deoxygenated and has a 2’ H

Question 6

phosphoanhydride

Answer 6

the bonds of an atp molecule that stores more energy

Question 7

starch

Answer 7

-polysaccharide of glucose with alpha linkages 1-4 & 1-6 that humans can hydrolyze

-stores energy in plants

-amylose (unbranched) and amylopectin (somewhat branched)

-starch is stores as starch grains in structures called plastids

-starch can be hydrolyzed to release energy

Question 8

glycogen

Answer 8

-very branched polysaccharide of glucose

-stored in liver (maintains blood sugar)

-stored in muscle tissues - source of fuel to generate ATP for muscle contractions

-Energy storage for animals