Chapter 8 Economic Systems

Question 1

Economic System:

Answer 1

system of production and distribution of goods and services as well as allocation of resources in a society.

Question 2

Technology:

Answer 2

the number and types of tools employed, combined with knowledge about how to make and use them

Question 3

The three documented patterns of labor by gender:

Answer 3

Flexible/integrated pattern
Segregated pattern
Dual Sex Configuration

Question 4

Flexible/integrated pattern:

Answer 4

Seen most frequently among food foragers.

Tasks considered appropriate for one gender may be performed by the other without the loss of face.

Question 5

Segregated pattern

Answer 5

work is defined as “masculine” or “feminine.”
Men and women do not help one another.
Often, one gender asserts dominance over the other.
Women raise the kids.
After puberty boys will spend most time with adult men and girls with adult women.

Question 6

Dual Sex Configuration

Answer 6

Men and women carry out their work separately. Neither gender asserts dominance over the other
Each gender manages its own affairs

Question 7

Reciprocity

Answer 7

the exchange of goods and services, of approximately equal value, between two parties.

Question 8

3 Forms of Reciprocity

Answer 8

Generalized
Balanced
Negative

Question 9

Generalized reciprocity

Answer 9

A mode of exchange in which the value of the gift is not calculated, nor is the time of repayment specified.

Question 10

Balanced reciprocity

Answer 10

A mode of exchange in which the giving and the receiving are SPECIFIC as to the VALUE of the goods or services and the TIME of their delivery.

Question 11

Negative reciprocity

Answer 11

A mode of exchange in which the aim is to get something for as little as possible. Neither fair nor balanced, it may involve hard bargaining, manipulation, outright cheating, or theft.

Question 12

Trade

Answer 12

a transaction in which two or more people are involved in an exchange of something- food, clothing, jewelry, animals, money, etc.

Question 13

Barter

Answer 13

two or more partners from different groups negotiate a direct exchange of one trade good for another

Question 14

Redistribution

Answer 14

is the form of exchange in which goods flow into a central place where they are sorted, counted, and reallocated

Question 15

Conspicuous consumption

Answer 15

the display of wealth for social prestige.

Question 16

Potlatches

Answer 16

a form of conspicuous consumption where a village chief will give away his goods (food) to his people in a showy displace of his wealth.

Question 17

Market Exchange

Answer 17

Buying and selling of goods and services, with prices set by rules of supply and demand.

Question 18

Money

Answer 18

isomething used to make payments for goods and services as well as to measure their value

Question 19

Black Market

Answer 19

The production of commodities that escape enumeration, regulation, or any other sort of public monitoring or government oversight.

Question 20

Egalitarianism

Answer 20

The belief that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities. Everyone has the same amount of everything, everyone shares.

Question 21

Caste System

Answer 21

class structure that is determined by birth