Chapter 8 Early Homo & Cultural Origins Flashcards

1
Q

What was the earliest stone tools attributed to Homo habilis?

A

Oldowan tools; earliest identifiable tool tradition, 2.6 mya during the Old Stone Age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Were the earliest members of Homo habilis hunters or scavengers?

A

Scavengers; by the time Homo habilis got to the animal only bones usually remained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did the earliest members of H.habilis use tools to eat bone?

A

Used tools to break open the long bones to get at the rich marrow inside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Homo erectus

A

the direct descendent of early members of the genus Homo; lots of physical variation due to natural enviroment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When were Homo erectus populations widespread?

A

Between about 1.9 million and 300,000 years ago.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some physical characteristics of Homoerectus?

A
  • 5’10” on average
  • less robust than Australopithecines
  • long legs/short toes
  • sloping forehead/no chin
  • larger than H.habilis w/ less sexual dimorphism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where did Louis and Mary Leakey discover H.habilis?

A

Oluvai Gorge, Tanzania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

H.erectus vs. H.sapiens

A

H.erectus: all face, not nearly as flat, receeding jaw, expansion in the frontal region of the skull (forehead)**
H.sapiens: all brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How old is Nariokotome Boy? Where was he found?

A

1.6 million years ago; West Lake Turkana, Kenya; Adolescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do Lumpers place H.erectus?

A

Lumpers place all individuals between 1.9-300,000 years ago in H.erectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do Splitters place H.erectus?

A

Splitters differentiate anatomically between Africa, Asia, and European forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do Splitters refer to African H.erectus as?

A

African: Homoergaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do Splitters refer to Asian H.erectus as?

A

Asian: Homo erectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do Splitters refer to European H.erectus as?

A

European: Homo antecessor or H.heidelbergens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to the “Becoming Human” video, how old was T. Boy when he died?

A

He was 8 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

According to the “Becoming Human” video, what area of the brain suggested T. Boy could speak?

A

The Broca’s area (speech capabilities)

17
Q

Middle Paleolithic

A

marked by diversification of tool types and more sophisticated methods of fabrication; 200,000 and 400,000 ya-brain size of genus Homo reached modern proportions.

18
Q

Percussion method

A

a technique of stone tool manufactre performed by striking the raw material w/ a hammer stone or by striking material against a stone anvil to remove flakes.

19
Q

Lower Paleolithic

A

first part of the Old Stone Age, beginning w/ the earliest Oldowan tools, 200,000-2.6 mya.

20
Q

Achaulean tradition

A

the tool making tradition of Homoerectus in Africa, Europe, and Southwestern Asia in which hand-axes were developed from the earlier Oldowan chopper.

21
Q

Anvil percussion

A

striking the raw material against a stationary stone

22
Q

Bipolar percussion

A

holding the raw material against an anvil, but striking it at the same time as a hammerstone

23
Q

Buriens

A

chisel-like tools in Eastern Asia

24
Q

What is one theory why humans have developed large brains?

A

They may have developed large brains as an accidental byproduct of jaw-size reduction.

25
What is the advantage of gut reduction compared to apes?
It draws less energy to operate/ competing less with the high energy of the brain
26
What do the deliberately marked objects of stone, bone, and ivory found in Acheulean contexts show?
Shows developing symbolic life; along with cave art in France from the Upper Paleolithic Era
27
Hypoglossal canal
passageway through the skull that accommodates the nerve that controls tongue movement, seen in contemporary humans in fossil skulls dated to 500,000 ya.