Chapter 8 - DNA + Protein Synthesis Flashcards
how is the genetic code universal?
the triplets code for the same amino acids in all living organisms
how is the genetic code non-overlapping?
each triplet and gene are separate from eachother
how is the genetic code degenerate?
the same amino acid can be coded for by more than one triplet
what is a genome?
the complete set of genes in a cell/organism
what is a proteome?
the full range of proteins that an organism can make
describe eukaryote dna
long, double helix, linear, found in nucleus, folded around histone proteins into chromosomes
describe prokaryote dna
short, circular, no proteins, no nucleus, has plasmids
define gene
a sequence of dna that codes for a polypeptide
define locus
the location of a gene on a chromosome
what is an intron
regions within a gene that don’t code for polypeptides
by what process are introns removed from pre mRNA in eukaryotes?
splicing
describe the process of transcription
DNA helicase seperates the strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds, free RNA nucleotides attach to the template strand, complementary base pairing, RNA polymerase joins nucleotides together, Hbonds reform
what is a codon?
a triplet code on the messenger RNA that codes for a specific amino acid
what is an anticodon?
triplet of bases on on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA
describe translation
the ribosome attaches to the mRNA at the start codon, the codon is matched to anticodon by complementary base pairing, ribosomes hold the tRNA in place, amino acids are joined with a peptide bond
