Chapter 8: Diversity Of Life Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials.
What are the characteristics of all living things?
All living things have cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, respond to their surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce.
What is stimuli?
A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react.
What is development?
The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life producing a more complex organism.
What is asexual reproduction?
When an organism produces offspring that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
What is sexual reproduction?
The producing of new organisms involving two parents and combines their genetic material to produce a new organism.
How do living things arise?
Living things arise from other living things through reproduction.
What is spontaneous generation?
The mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources.
Who discovered that maggots do not arise from decaying meat?
An Italian doctor named Francesco Redi. He did so in the 1600s.
Who designed another experiment to test spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur, a French chemist. He did so in the mid-1800s.
What do living things need to survive?
All living things must satisfy their basic needs for food, water, living space, and stable internal conditions.
What are autotrophs?
Organisms that make their own food.
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that cannot make their own food.
