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CSO Exam > Chapter 8 Diets, Functional Foods and Dietary supplements for cancer prevention and survival > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Diets, Functional Foods and Dietary supplements for cancer prevention and survival Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of cancers are attributed to a poor diet

A

1/3

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2
Q

This diet claim that an acidic environment is toxic to the body and increases cancer risk.

A

Alkaline diet

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3
Q

This diet balances pH by consuming 80% alkaline foods and 20% acid-forming foods

A

Alkaline diet

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4
Q

This diet restricts red meat, sugar, white rice, refined flours, coffee and alcohol

A

alkaline diet

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5
Q

Which diets have there been clinical trials or scientific evidence that supports effectiveness

A

Only fasting- may make cancer cells more susceptible to treatment while protecting non-cancerous cells

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6
Q

Supplements needed on alkaline diet

A

calcium and/or vitamin D

Others (like MVI) may been needed

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7
Q

which diet emphasizes natural, unrefined foods, allows raw non-pasteurized honey, dates, figs, berry, fruit juices and stevia sweeteners, whole grains, and encourages consumption of cottage cheese and flaxseed oil, or quark

A

Budwig diet

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8
Q

The Budwig diet excludes these food groups

A

dairy except for cottage cheese and complete protein sources

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9
Q

this diet claims to strengthen the immune system, improve QOL, shrink tumors and lengthen life

A

Essiac and Flor-essence

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10
Q

Define Essiac

A

an herbal mixture developed in Canada in the 1920s. herbs are brewed into a tea. includes burdock root, inner bark of slippery elm, and sheep sorrel. Flor essence also includes Indian rhubarb root, watercress, blessed thistle, red clover, and kelp

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11
Q

How is essiac and flor-essence prepared/consumed

A

with spring or non-fluoridated water and kept refrigerated. 1 oz consumed 1-3 times daily.
drink on empty stomach, 2 hrs before or after melas, for 1-2 years

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12
Q

Side effects of essiac

A

laxative effect

n/v/d/c/headaches

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13
Q

Benefits of fasting

A

allows the body to focus energy on cleansing and healing itself
supports the immune system
starves tumors
stimulates cellular repair

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14
Q

Side effects of fasting

A

limits all nutrient intake
can lead to dehydration or death (dry fasting)
may temporarily result in HA, dizziness, fatigue, low BP

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15
Q

This diet is described as a natural tx that activates the body’s ability to heal itself. Includes a vegetarian diet, raw juices, coffee enemas and natural supplements
advises 15-20lbs of organically grown fruits and veggies each, most juiced. 1 cup consumed each hour 13 times per day

A

Gerson Therapy

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16
Q

Gerson Therapy avoids these food groups

A

fat and many complete protein sources

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17
Q

side effects of gerson therapy

A

malnutrition
dehydrations
colitis

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18
Q

This describes itself as a metabolic therapy and inludes dietary modification,s supplements including pancreatic supplements and detoxification routines

A

Gonzalez Regimen

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19
Q

This diet includes individualized diets from vegan or red meat several times per day. Organic foods preferred. processed foods avoided. includes animal organ extracts and digestive enzymes.

A

Gonzalez Regimen

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20
Q

This treatment combines a vegetarian diet supplemented with vitamins, minerals, and digestive enzymes with antibiotic treatment. Pt’s also received a vaccine derived from their own blood or urine.

A

Livingston-Wheeler

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21
Q

The Livingston-Wheeler diet excludes these food groups

A

poultry
meat
eggs
milk

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22
Q

This diet is based on avoidance of toxins, emphasizes organic and primarily vegetarian foods. Excludes non-locally grown fruits, some vegetables. Allows seeds and nuts. Excludes refined sugar.

A

Macrobiotic diet

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23
Q

The macrobiotic diet avoids these food groups

A

all meal
dairy
eggs
processed sweeteners

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24
Q

This diet allows only raw food or foods heated to 105 degrees F

A

raw foods diet

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25
Q

the raw foods diet avoids these food groups

A

all meat
eggs
dairy foods

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26
Q

AND definition of functional foods

A

whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence

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27
Q

Name 3 categories of functional foods

A

conventional foods
modified foods
food ingredients

28
Q

anti-cancer function of beta-carotene

A

antioxidant activity

29
Q

conventional food sources of beta-carotene

A

carrots and other bright orange, red and yellow foods

30
Q

functional food sources of beta-carotene

A

beta-carotene rich juice

31
Q

anti-cancer function of B-glucans

A

natural polysaccharide and soluble fiber that may boost the immune system

32
Q

conventional food sources of B-glucans

A

barley, oats, fruits, vegetables and seaweed

33
Q

functional food sources of B-glucans

A

B-glucan enriched cereals, breads, snack bars, bran products and milk beverages

34
Q

anti-cancer function of genistein

A

may block estrogen receptors, may decreased breast cancer risk

35
Q

conventional food sources of genistein

A

soyfood, including edamame, tofu and soy milk

36
Q

functional food sources of genistein

A

added to a variety of foods, including snack bars

37
Q

Potential anti-cancer function of inulin and fructooligosaccharides a byproduct of inulin

A

Exhibits prebiotic activity, which can enhance intestinal health

38
Q

Conventional food sources of inulin and fructo oligosaccharides, a byproduct of inulin

A

Onions, shallots, Jerusalem artichokes

39
Q

Functional food sources of inulin freaked out oligosaccharides

A

Inulin can be incorporated into food as a fat replacement

FOS and inulin add it to beverages and jellies

40
Q

Potential anti-cancer function of lignans

A

Phytoestrogen; associated with reduced risk of breast cancer

41
Q

Conventional food sources of lignans

A

Flaxseed is the richest source; ground flaxseed improves digestion, sesame seeds, chickpeas, oats, and barley

42
Q

Functional food sources of lignans

A

Flaxseed added to snack bars and muffins

43
Q

Potential anti-cancer function of lutein

A

Lutein is the xanthophyll, has anti-mutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties

44
Q

Conventional food sources of lutein

A

Dark green leafy vegetables including spinach and kale, broccoli, squash, green peas, lettuce, onions, corn, pumpkin and egg yolk

45
Q

Functional food sources of lutein

A

Lutein added to some ready to eat cereals

46
Q

Potential anti-cancer function of lycopene

A

Antioxidant; blocks activity of free radicals

47
Q

Conventional food sources of lycopene

A

Tomatoes and tomato products ( i.e., tomato sauce, tomato paste, tomato juice ) as well as other red yellow and orange fruits and vegetables

48
Q

Functional food sources of lycopene

A

Lycopene added to some ready to eat cereal; tomato lycopene complexes developed for functional foods

49
Q

Potential anti-cancer function of omega-3 fats

A

Anti-inflammatory activity

50
Q

Conventional food sources of omega-3 fats

A

Fatty fish

51
Q

Functional food sources of omega-3 fats

A

Eggs fortified with omega-3 fats

52
Q

Potential anti-cancer function of soluble fiber (for example guar gum pectin and Acacia gum and psyllium)

A

Promote intestinal health

53
Q

Conventional food sources of soluble fiber’s

A

Oats, lentils, apples, oranges, bananas, pears, strawberries, nuts, flaxseed, beans, dried peas, blueberries

54
Q

Functional food sources of soluble fiber’s

A

Soluble fiber available in banana flakes; soluble fiber is added to some ready to eat cereals and other functional foods

55
Q

What is the role of herbal products

A

Unlike many drugs, the role of herbal dietary supplements is to enhance the diet by adding safe and natural plants and their constituents to support and protect body functions and processes

56
Q

When did the US Congress passed the dietary supplement health and education act that they find an established a regulatory framework for dietary supplements

A

1994

57
Q

Define dietary supplements

A

Products taken by mouth that provide ingredients intended to supplement the diet; they may include vitamins and minerals, herbal and botanical products, amino acids and other nutritive and dietary substances

58
Q

What percentage of pharmaceutical products derived from plants

A

40%

59
Q

Side effects and interactions of aloe vera

A

has a laxative effect
Beggs asked about diarrhea in those at risk and may intensify action of laxatives
Inform medical team of noted association; crosschecking current use of laxatives; develop a unified message

60
Q

Side effects and interactions of coenzyme Q 10

A

May reduce renal and cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin a research is it sufficient for recommending a specific dose
Initiate multidisciplinary discussion on this research; help develop a unified message for patients taking coenzyme Q 10 supplements

61
Q

Side effects and interactions of curcumin

A

In doses available in dietary supplements, may sensitize cisplatin resistant tumor Cells to cisplatin, thus improving its efficacy
May reduce cisplatin induced neurotoxicity
Incorporating Turmeric Within a varied diet is reasonable and safe
Initiate a multi-disciplinary discussion on available research and participate in developing a unified message

62
Q

Side effects and interactions of melatonin

A

When simultaneously administered with tamoxifen, melatonin may improve anti-cancer response of women with metastatic breast cancer he did not respond to tamoxifen alone
Melatonin is also being investigated as a potential treatment for limiting oxidative damage to normal tissue during radiotherapy
Initiate add multidisciplinary discussion on potential anti-cancer affects of melatonin and assist with the development of a unified message

63
Q

Side effects and interactions of oleic acid

A

Oleic acid is a natural component of olive oil and avocado; it may provide cytotoxic synergism with herceptin
At this time oleic acid is not sold as a dietary supplement
Advise the cancer survivor the olive oil and avocado are healthy foods that may have cancer preventative benefits and are acceptable with tenets of a varied diet

64
Q

Side effects and interactions of omega-3 fats

A

May reduce toxicity of irinotecan and paclitaxel
May enhance clinical benefit of doxorubicin, cisplatin and vincristine
May enhance clinical benefit of pro oxidant chemotherapies
Inclusion of food sources of omega-3 fats in the diet is appropriate as recommended in the 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans. Help develop and deliver unified message on use of omega-3 fats supplements

65
Q

Side effects and interactions of quercetin

A

Offers anti-inflammatory effects
May decrease bioavailability of iron
Initiate a multidisciplinary discussion Unavailable research and assist with the development of a unified message

CSO Exam (2 decks)

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