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Nutrition Exam 2 > Chapter 8 Dietary And Herbal Supplements > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Dietary And Herbal Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

Dietary supplement includes:

A
  • Vitamins, minerals, herbs

- Amino Acids

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2
Q

Dietary Supplements come In:

A

Tablets, powder, gel, and liquid forms

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3
Q

Herbal supplements originate from:

A

A plant source

Ex: leaves, flowers, stems, roots, seeds

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4
Q

What may be added to food to enhance flavor?

A

Herbal Supplements

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5
Q

Herbal supplements may have interactions with:

A

Other supplements, medications, or disease conditions

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6
Q

Component of herbal supplements:

A

Botanical

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7
Q

Term used interchangeably with herbal:

A

Botanical

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8
Q

Rate of Usage of Herbal Supplements: (NIHS)

A
  • Huge numbers of persons in the U.S. are taking some form of dietary supplement
  • In 2007, an estimated $30 million was spent in the United States on dietary supplements
  • In 2007, about half of the money spent on supplements was spent on herbal supplements ($15 million)
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9
Q

Rate of Usage of Herbal Supplements: American Botanical Council reports

A
  • 2 % increased In use of herbal supplements every year since 2000
  • Estimated expenditures on herbal supplements in 2010 was $5.2 billion
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10
Q

Why use herbal supplements?

A
  1. Optimal Health
  2. Prevention of Disease
  3. Treatment of medical conditions
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11
Q

What is most often used in children with chronic medical conditions?

A

Herbal Supplements

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12
Q

40% of Adults 1 or more forms of:

A

CAM

Complementary and Alternative Medicines

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13
Q

Forms of CAM: (6)

A
  1. Meditation
  2. Deep breathing
  3. Massage
  4. Yoga
  5. Herbal Supplements
  6. Alternative to traditional medical treatment
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14
Q

Purpose of Herbal Supplements (users point of view):

A
  • Safe alternative to traditional drug therapy for medical conditions
  • Form of self care
  • Prevention and treatment of disease conditions
  • Promotion of wellness
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15
Q

Commonly cited reasons for herbal supplementation:

A
  • Upper Respiratory Infection
  • Anxiety, insomnia, headache
  • High Cholesterol
  • Improvement of Memory
  • pain
  • Increase Energy Levels
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16
Q

Tips for health care providers:

A
  • ENCOURAGE patients to eat a healthy diet
  • Discuss Supplementation
  • Assist patients in finding Information about supplements’ safety, effectiveness, and interactions with medications and conditions
  • Assist patient in finding high-quality supplements
  • Monitor patients’ response to the supplement
  • Document and report adverse reactions
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17
Q

Regulations of Supplements: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994
(DSHEA)

A

Sets standard for dietary supplements

  • The FDA ensures the safety of the supplements and accuracy of marketing claims
  • Dietary supplement is NOT used as conventional food
  • Must be labeled as dietary supplement
18
Q

Advertising Practices and Regulations:

A
  • FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

- FTC (Federal Trade Comission

19
Q

FDA (practices and regulations)

A
  • Monitors and assured labeling, packaging, and insert information is correct
  • Assures manufacture’s to use cautionary language or warnings on labels
  • Cannot require manufacturers to use cautionary language or warnings on labels
20
Q

FDA (practices and regulations):

A

-Verifies all advertising is accurate

21
Q

Common Sources of marketing to consumers: (6)

A
  • Health food store
  • Pharmacies
  • Supermarkets
  • Print Media
  • Television and radio
  • Internet
22
Q

Bioactive Substances: (herbal supplements and drug interactions)

A
  • Substances that can participate in chemical reactions in the body
  • Primary cause of adverse effects and Benefits of drugs and supplements
  • Many drugs have their origins in herbal medicine
23
Q

Complexities of adverse reactions with herbal supplements and medications:

A
  • Underreporting of adverse effects related to herb supplements by health care providers and patients
  • Herbal Supplements do not undergo the rigorous testing that drugs undergo
24
Q

Drug and herbal supplement metabolism by liver enzymes:

A
  • Many drugs and herbals are metabolized by the same enzyme and compete for the availability of the enzymes
  • Competition may result in increased or decreased blood level of the drug
25
Q

Competition of herbal supplements and drugs may result in increased or decreased blood level of the drug cause the following:

A
  • Effectiveness of the drug is altered

- May result in toxic levels of the drug or ineffectiveness if the drug

26
Q

Examples of drugs impacted by the liver enzyme availability: (6)

A
  • Statins
  • Macrolide antibiotics
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Warfarin (Blood Thinner)
  • Benzodiazepines (psycho Active Drug)
  • NSAIDS (Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug)
27
Q

Common herbal supplements that can cause drug interactions:

A
  • Cranberry
  • Echinacea
  • Flaxseed
  • Garlic (Blood Thinner)
  • Ginseng
  • Green Tea
  • Kava (Calming) (Psycho Active Drug)
  • Licorice root
  • St. John’s wort
28
Q

Our responsibilities as a RDH:

A
  • Explore sources of good, up to date information about herbals
  • Consider how Sources can be used to counsel patients about herbal supplements
  • Practice analysis of information to assist patients in making good choices about herbal supplementation
29
Q

Popular Herbal Supplements:

A
  • Soy

- Marijuana

30
Q

Soy:

A
  • Popular with vegetarians as meat substitute
  • Many “uses” that are not supported by research
  • Contains isoflavones (estrogen derived from plants) which are similar to female horomones
31
Q

Marijuana:

A
  • Contains phytocannabinoids
  • Active chemical is THC (chemical responsible for high)
  • Cautions when used over extended periods of time such as permanent impairment of neural functions
32
Q

Uses of Medical Marijuana:

A

Used in chemotherapy and radiation patients to:

  • relieve nausea
  • Decrease occurrence of seizures
  • Mental Illness
33
Q

Herbal Supplements in Special Patient Groups (Use only in consultation with physician):

A
  • Pregnant and lactating women
  • Children
  • Persons with chronic disease
  • Persons taking any medication
34
Q

Herbal Supplements Use by Dental Patients:

A

Sources of oral pain caused by inflammation of the oral tissue or inflammation caused by infection/trauma

35
Q

Types of infection in which people use herbal supplements:

A
  • Bacterial
  • Fungal
  • Viral
36
Q

Sources of pain that are caused by inflammation of the oral tissue:

A
  • Gingiva
  • Periapical area of tooth
  • Mucosal ulcerations
  • Pharyngeal inflammation
37
Q

Most effective herbal supplements for oral pain:

A
  • Those that reduce inflammation
  • Those that relieve pain
  • Provides temporary relief only—not definitive treatment for oral pain!
38
Q

When to avoid herbal supplements:

A
  • Avoid before dental treatment IF they increase bleeding

- Avoid ones that decrease bleeding for patients with cardiovascular conditions

39
Q

Prevention of dental caries with herbal supplements:

A
  • Several herbal supplements claim to prevent or arrest progression of caries
  • No substitute for definitive dental treatment for caries
40
Q

Counseling Dental Patients:

A
  • Inquire about use of herbal supplements
  • Explain potential interaction between supplements and proposed dental treatment
  • Avoid criticism of patient choices, instead educate the patient about making informed choices
41
Q

Patients choose supplements because they seek to:

A
  • Take control of their own health and may feel traditional medicine has failed them
  • Lower the cost of their treatment
  • Use natural remedies and they believe that herbals are better for the body
42
Q

Educate the patient about:

A
  • Consultation with physician before starting herbal regimen, especially if person has chronic disease or is taking medication
  • Researching each supplement prior to taking it. Use good sources of information
  • Usage of correct dosage and length f time for safe herbal usage
  • Purchase of Herbal Supplements from reliable sources with accurate labeling

Nutrition Exam 2 (3 decks)

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