Chapter 8 Dietary And Herbal Supplements Flashcards
Dietary supplement includes:
- Vitamins, minerals, herbs
- Amino Acids
Dietary Supplements come In:
Tablets, powder, gel, and liquid forms
Herbal supplements originate from:
A plant source
Ex: leaves, flowers, stems, roots, seeds
What may be added to food to enhance flavor?
Herbal Supplements
Herbal supplements may have interactions with:
Other supplements, medications, or disease conditions
Component of herbal supplements:
Botanical
Term used interchangeably with herbal:
Botanical
Rate of Usage of Herbal Supplements: (NIHS)
- Huge numbers of persons in the U.S. are taking some form of dietary supplement
- In 2007, an estimated $30 million was spent in the United States on dietary supplements
- In 2007, about half of the money spent on supplements was spent on herbal supplements ($15 million)
Rate of Usage of Herbal Supplements: American Botanical Council reports
- 2 % increased In use of herbal supplements every year since 2000
- Estimated expenditures on herbal supplements in 2010 was $5.2 billion
Why use herbal supplements?
- Optimal Health
- Prevention of Disease
- Treatment of medical conditions
What is most often used in children with chronic medical conditions?
Herbal Supplements
40% of Adults 1 or more forms of:
CAM
Complementary and Alternative Medicines
Forms of CAM: (6)
- Meditation
- Deep breathing
- Massage
- Yoga
- Herbal Supplements
- Alternative to traditional medical treatment
Purpose of Herbal Supplements (users point of view):
- Safe alternative to traditional drug therapy for medical conditions
- Form of self care
- Prevention and treatment of disease conditions
- Promotion of wellness
Commonly cited reasons for herbal supplementation:
- Upper Respiratory Infection
- Anxiety, insomnia, headache
- High Cholesterol
- Improvement of Memory
- pain
- Increase Energy Levels
Tips for health care providers:
- ENCOURAGE patients to eat a healthy diet
- Discuss Supplementation
- Assist patients in finding Information about supplements’ safety, effectiveness, and interactions with medications and conditions
- Assist patient in finding high-quality supplements
- Monitor patients’ response to the supplement
- Document and report adverse reactions
Regulations of Supplements: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994
(DSHEA)
Sets standard for dietary supplements
- The FDA ensures the safety of the supplements and accuracy of marketing claims
- Dietary supplement is NOT used as conventional food
- Must be labeled as dietary supplement
Advertising Practices and Regulations:
- FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
- FTC (Federal Trade Comission
FDA (practices and regulations)
- Monitors and assured labeling, packaging, and insert information is correct
- Assures manufacture’s to use cautionary language or warnings on labels
- Cannot require manufacturers to use cautionary language or warnings on labels
FDA (practices and regulations):
-Verifies all advertising is accurate
Common Sources of marketing to consumers: (6)
- Health food store
- Pharmacies
- Supermarkets
- Print Media
- Television and radio
- Internet
Bioactive Substances: (herbal supplements and drug interactions)
- Substances that can participate in chemical reactions in the body
- Primary cause of adverse effects and Benefits of drugs and supplements
- Many drugs have their origins in herbal medicine
Complexities of adverse reactions with herbal supplements and medications:
- Underreporting of adverse effects related to herb supplements by health care providers and patients
- Herbal Supplements do not undergo the rigorous testing that drugs undergo
Drug and herbal supplement metabolism by liver enzymes:
- Many drugs and herbals are metabolized by the same enzyme and compete for the availability of the enzymes
- Competition may result in increased or decreased blood level of the drug
Competition of herbal supplements and drugs may result in increased or decreased blood level of the drug cause the following:
- Effectiveness of the drug is altered
- May result in toxic levels of the drug or ineffectiveness if the drug
Examples of drugs impacted by the liver enzyme availability: (6)
- Statins
- Macrolide antibiotics
- Calcium channel blocker
- Warfarin (Blood Thinner)
- Benzodiazepines (psycho Active Drug)
- NSAIDS (Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug)
Common herbal supplements that can cause drug interactions:
- Cranberry
- Echinacea
- Flaxseed
- Garlic (Blood Thinner)
- Ginseng
- Green Tea
- Kava (Calming) (Psycho Active Drug)
- Licorice root
- St. John’s wort
Our responsibilities as a RDH:
- Explore sources of good, up to date information about herbals
- Consider how Sources can be used to counsel patients about herbal supplements
- Practice analysis of information to assist patients in making good choices about herbal supplementation
Popular Herbal Supplements:
- Soy
- Marijuana
Soy:
- Popular with vegetarians as meat substitute
- Many “uses” that are not supported by research
- Contains isoflavones (estrogen derived from plants) which are similar to female horomones
Marijuana:
- Contains phytocannabinoids
- Active chemical is THC (chemical responsible for high)
- Cautions when used over extended periods of time such as permanent impairment of neural functions
Uses of Medical Marijuana:
Used in chemotherapy and radiation patients to:
- relieve nausea
- Decrease occurrence of seizures
- Mental Illness
Herbal Supplements in Special Patient Groups (Use only in consultation with physician):
- Pregnant and lactating women
- Children
- Persons with chronic disease
- Persons taking any medication
Herbal Supplements Use by Dental Patients:
Sources of oral pain caused by inflammation of the oral tissue or inflammation caused by infection/trauma
Types of infection in which people use herbal supplements:
- Bacterial
- Fungal
- Viral
Sources of pain that are caused by inflammation of the oral tissue:
- Gingiva
- Periapical area of tooth
- Mucosal ulcerations
- Pharyngeal inflammation
Most effective herbal supplements for oral pain:
- Those that reduce inflammation
- Those that relieve pain
- Provides temporary relief only—not definitive treatment for oral pain!
When to avoid herbal supplements:
- Avoid before dental treatment IF they increase bleeding
- Avoid ones that decrease bleeding for patients with cardiovascular conditions
Prevention of dental caries with herbal supplements:
- Several herbal supplements claim to prevent or arrest progression of caries
- No substitute for definitive dental treatment for caries
Counseling Dental Patients:
- Inquire about use of herbal supplements
- Explain potential interaction between supplements and proposed dental treatment
- Avoid criticism of patient choices, instead educate the patient about making informed choices
Patients choose supplements because they seek to:
- Take control of their own health and may feel traditional medicine has failed them
- Lower the cost of their treatment
- Use natural remedies and they believe that herbals are better for the body
Educate the patient about:
- Consultation with physician before starting herbal regimen, especially if person has chronic disease or is taking medication
- Researching each supplement prior to taking it. Use good sources of information
- Usage of correct dosage and length f time for safe herbal usage
- Purchase of Herbal Supplements from reliable sources with accurate labeling
