Chapter 8: Cohort Studies Flashcards
List the study design for cohort studies
Prospective and retrospective
What is prospective studies?
Known as “forward in time”, is when investigator identifies participants, measures, exposure status, and follows the cohort (person in study) over time to monitor outcome events.
What is retrospective studies?
Know as “backward in time”, investigator identifies a cohort with already available exposure and outcome data (past data).
Between prospective and retrospective which is expensive and why?
Prospective is expensive as the cohort followed over time.
Which cohort studies has less control over selection of participants?
Retrospective does becasue they are using already available data.
How are study cohort chosen for cohort studies?
They choose if they are at risk of becoming a case.
Who is excluded from cohort studies?
- Individual who already have a disease outcome of interest.
- Those who are not risk and can’t become a case.
What is an analytic study?
Measures the association between exposures and outcomes.
What are the down side of using retrospective studies?
- Infromation outdated
- Bias
- Misinformation
- Lack of data
Can incidence be collected in a cohort study?
Yes, since data is being collected in real time.
What is attributable risk?
Attributable risk is the amount of disease incidence that can be attributed to a specific exposure.
What is attributable risk percentage?
Attributable risk percentage is what proportion of the risk in exposed persons is due to the exposure.
What is population attributable risk?
Population attributable risk is what proportion of the disease incidence in a total population (both exp/unexp people) can be attributed to a specific exposure.
What is population attributable percentage?
Population attributable risk percentage is the proportion of the incidence in the total population that is attributable to the exposure.
Risk ratio is used for what study
Risk ratio is used for cohort studies.
