Chapter 3: The occurrence of Disease Flashcards
What are the different types of surveillance used in epidemiology?
Passive and active surveillance
What is epidemiologic surveillance?
ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data, essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice
What is the role of surveillance in public health?
Surveillance in public health helps to monitor disease outbreaks, frequency of disease, and changes in risk of diseases.
Also allows for developing preventative efforts and effective disease interventions.
What is the difference between passive and active surveillance?
Passive surveillance are available data on reportable disease are used, while active surveillance is when project staff are specifically recruited to carry out a surveillance program.
True or false are attack rates actual rates?
False, attack rates are proportions.
What are an attack rate?
Attack rates measure the incidence of disease over a shorter period.
What are proportions?
Proportions tells us how much of the population is affected.
What are rates?
Rates tell us how fast the disease is occurring in a population. (measure of time)
Define what prevalence is?
Prevalence is a “snapshot” of the cases of disease existing during/over a specified time period.
What are the two types of prevalence?
Point prevalence- prevalence measured at a particular point in time. (particular disease on a particular date)
Period prevalence- prevalence measured the amount of people who had the disease at any point during a certain time period.
What is the formula to calculate prevalence rates?
(# of cases of a disease present at a specified time/ # of persons in the population during the same time) X Population standardizer
Define ratios?
Ratios consist of distinct values in which group x is not a part of group y. (comparison between two groups).
Define proportions 2?
Proportions group x is a part of group y.
What is incidence?
An incidence is the number of new cases of a disease/ health outcome reported in a defined population during a specified time period.
What is the formula to calculate incidence rates?
(# New cases over a given period/ population at risk during the same time period) X Population standardizer.
