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Medical Terms > Chapter 8: Circulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Circulatory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues and returns the blood with much of its oxygen exchanged for carbon dioxide back to the heart

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1
Q

Chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

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2
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Circuits blood from the heart to the lungs for the purpose of ridding the body of carbon dioxide and picking up oxygen

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3
Q

Valves & functions

A

Pulmonary and Semilunar Valves: prevents back flow of blood during contraction of the heart

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

An area in the area of the middle of the chest that contains the heart and it’s vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and lymph nodes

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5
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer of the heart

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6
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer of heart

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7
Q

Pericardium

A

A membrane sac; a tough fibrous tissue that constitutes the outermost sac, fits loosely around the heart and protects it

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8
Q

SA node

A

Natural pacemaker of the heart; located at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava

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9
Q

Septum

A

Dividing wall or partition

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10
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Arteries that supply blood to the heart

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11
Q

Major blood vessels

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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12
Q

Arteries

A

Carries oxygen-rich blood to body tissues

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13
Q

Veins

A

Carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart

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14
Q

Capillaries

A

Microscopic blood vessels that receive blood from the arterioles

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15
Q

Largest to smallest: capillaries, arteries, arterioles, venules, veins

A 
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Veins
Venules
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16
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Opening of a vein to draw blood for laboratory analysis

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17
Q

Vasodilation/angiectasis

A

Dilation of a vessel, especially dilation of arterioles leading to increase blood flow

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18
Q

Cardio pulmonary resuscitation

A

An emergency first aid procedure used to reestablish heart and lung action

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19
Q

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

A

General term for the management of coronary artery occlusions by any catheter based technique

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20
Q

Stents

A

Expandable mesh like structure used to keep partially blocked blood vessels open

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21
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Helps to eliminate superficial varicose veins by injection of hardening agent

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22
Q

Coronary Vasodilators

A

Prescribed for angina pectoris, they cause dilation of blood vessels

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23
Q

Cardioversion

A

Procedure that uses electrical shock to restore the normal rhythm of the heart

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24
Q

Cardioplegia

A

Stoppage of heart contractions induced by chemicals during surgery

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25
Q

Atrioseptoplasty

A

Surgical procedure used to correct an atrial septal defect

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26
Q

What does blood pressure measure?

A

The pressure exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart

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27
Q

Systolic

A

Maximum pressure on the artery

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28
Q

Diastolic

A

Amount of pressure that still exists when the heart is relaxed

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29
Q

Hypertension

A

Increased blood pressure

30
Q

Hypotension

A

Decreased blood pressure

31
Q

Factors that influence hypertension

A

Cardiac output, blood volume, blood viscosity, and elasticity of arterial walls

32
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

120/80 mm Hg

33
Q

Normal pulse

A

60 - 100 BPM

34
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid that circulated through the lymphatic system

35
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Knotty structures along the lymphatic system that filters the lymph

36
Q

Main types of lymph nodes

A

Cervical lymph nodes
Axillary
Inguinal lymph nodes

37
Q

Structures of lymphatic system

A

Spleen
Thymus
Tonsil

38
Q

Spleen - above kidney, largest lymphatic organ

A

Performs important tasks such as defense, production of lymphocytes and plasma cells, blood storage, and destruction/recycling RBC and platelets

39
Q

Thymus - above heart

A

Important in the maturation of T-cells and help with the production of antibodies

40
Q

Tonsil - in the pharynx

A

Small masses of lymphatic tissue of several types and designate the palatine antibodies

41
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of the subcutaneous tissue of an extremity as a result of obstruction of the lymphatics

42
Q

Thrombolymphangitis

A

Inflammation of a lymph vessel caused by a blood clot

43
Q

Contraction of heart

A

Systole

44
Q

Radiography of lymph vessels

A

Lymphangiography

45
Q

Pertaining to an atrium and a ventricle

A

Artioventricular

46
Q

Acting against an irregular heart beat

A

Antiarrhythmia

47
Q

Aerial septal defect

A

An abnormal opening in the part if the septum that deprecated left and right atrium

48
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

Abnormal opening in the septum dividing the right and left ventricles

49
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Without rhythm; variation in normal heart beat rhythm

50
Q

Asystole

A

Absence of heartbeat or contraction

51
Q

Heart murmur

A

Abnormal heart sounds

52
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery; heart attack

53
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Severe cardiac arrhythmia in which ventricular contractions are too rapid for circulation

54
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation in the heart

55
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

56
Q

Hemopericardium

A

An effusion of the blood into the pericardial space

57
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space

58
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Diagnostic procedure in which catheter introduced through an incision into a large blood vessel of the arm, leg, or neck and threaded through the circulatory system of the heart

59
Q

Defibrillator

A

Electric apparatus that has defibrillator paddles to deliver a preset voltage

60
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Graphic record of the heart obtained during echography

61
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

Instrument to record the heart

62
Q

Holter monitor

A

Portable electrocardiograph that a person can wear

63
Q

Pump oxygenator

A

Used in heart surgeries to divert blood heart and lungs, then returned directly to the sorts and pumped to the rest of the body

64
Q

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

A

Hardening and thickening of the walls if the coronary arteries

65
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Form of arteriosclerosis, characterized by the formation of fatty deposits on the walls of arteries

66
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

An abnormal condition if the coronary arteries that caused reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium

67
Q

Embolus

A

Clot or other plug brought by the bloodstream and forced into smaller vessels and then lodges

68
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A

Formation of a blood clot in a coronary artery

69
Q

Coronary occlusion

A

Obstruction/blockage of a coronary artery

70
Q

Cerebrovascular accident

A

An abnormal condition characterized by occlusion of a vessel of the brain by an embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage

71
Q

Ischemia

A

Deficiency of blood from functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

72
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein, may be a complication of a clot

Medical Terms (3 decks)

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