Chapter 8: Circulatory System Flashcards
Systemic circulation
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues and returns the blood with much of its oxygen exchanged for carbon dioxide back to the heart
Chambers of the heart
Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
Pulmonary circulation
Circuits blood from the heart to the lungs for the purpose of ridding the body of carbon dioxide and picking up oxygen
Valves & functions
Pulmonary and Semilunar Valves: prevents back flow of blood during contraction of the heart
Mediastinum
An area in the area of the middle of the chest that contains the heart and it’s vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and lymph nodes
Endocardium
Innermost layer of the heart
Myocardium
Middle layer of heart
Pericardium
A membrane sac; a tough fibrous tissue that constitutes the outermost sac, fits loosely around the heart and protects it
SA node
Natural pacemaker of the heart; located at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava
Septum
Dividing wall or partition
Coronary arteries
Arteries that supply blood to the heart
Major blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
Carries oxygen-rich blood to body tissues
Veins
Carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels that receive blood from the arterioles
Largest to smallest: capillaries, arteries, arterioles, venules, veins
Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Veins Venules
Phlebotomy
Opening of a vein to draw blood for laboratory analysis
Vasodilation/angiectasis
Dilation of a vessel, especially dilation of arterioles leading to increase blood flow
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation
An emergency first aid procedure used to reestablish heart and lung action
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
General term for the management of coronary artery occlusions by any catheter based technique
Stents
Expandable mesh like structure used to keep partially blocked blood vessels open
Sclerotherapy
Helps to eliminate superficial varicose veins by injection of hardening agent
Coronary Vasodilators
Prescribed for angina pectoris, they cause dilation of blood vessels
Cardioversion
Procedure that uses electrical shock to restore the normal rhythm of the heart
Cardioplegia
Stoppage of heart contractions induced by chemicals during surgery
Atrioseptoplasty
Surgical procedure used to correct an atrial septal defect
What does blood pressure measure?
The pressure exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart
Systolic
Maximum pressure on the artery
Diastolic
Amount of pressure that still exists when the heart is relaxed
Hypertension
Increased blood pressure
Hypotension
Decreased blood pressure
Factors that influence hypertension
Cardiac output, blood volume, blood viscosity, and elasticity of arterial walls
Normal blood pressure
120/80 mm Hg
Normal pulse
60 - 100 BPM
Lymph
Fluid that circulated through the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
Knotty structures along the lymphatic system that filters the lymph
Main types of lymph nodes
Cervical lymph nodes
Axillary
Inguinal lymph nodes
Structures of lymphatic system
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsil
Spleen - above kidney, largest lymphatic organ
Performs important tasks such as defense, production of lymphocytes and plasma cells, blood storage, and destruction/recycling RBC and platelets
Thymus - above heart
Important in the maturation of T-cells and help with the production of antibodies
Tonsil - in the pharynx
Small masses of lymphatic tissue of several types and designate the palatine antibodies
Lymphedema
Swelling of the subcutaneous tissue of an extremity as a result of obstruction of the lymphatics
Thrombolymphangitis
Inflammation of a lymph vessel caused by a blood clot
Contraction of heart
Systole
Radiography of lymph vessels
Lymphangiography
Pertaining to an atrium and a ventricle
Artioventricular
Acting against an irregular heart beat
Antiarrhythmia
Aerial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the part if the septum that deprecated left and right atrium
Ventricular septal defect
Abnormal opening in the septum dividing the right and left ventricles
Arrhythmia
Without rhythm; variation in normal heart beat rhythm
Asystole
Absence of heartbeat or contraction
Heart murmur
Abnormal heart sounds
Myocardial infarction
Necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery; heart attack
Ventricular fibrillation
Severe cardiac arrhythmia in which ventricular contractions are too rapid for circulation
Endocarditis
Inflammation in the heart
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
Hemopericardium
An effusion of the blood into the pericardial space
Cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space
Cardiac catheterization
Diagnostic procedure in which catheter introduced through an incision into a large blood vessel of the arm, leg, or neck and threaded through the circulatory system of the heart
Defibrillator
Electric apparatus that has defibrillator paddles to deliver a preset voltage
Echocardiogram
Graphic record of the heart obtained during echography
Electrocardiograph
Instrument to record the heart
Holter monitor
Portable electrocardiograph that a person can wear
Pump oxygenator
Used in heart surgeries to divert blood heart and lungs, then returned directly to the sorts and pumped to the rest of the body
Arteriosclerotic heart disease
Hardening and thickening of the walls if the coronary arteries
Atherosclerosis
Form of arteriosclerosis, characterized by the formation of fatty deposits on the walls of arteries
Coronary artery disease
An abnormal condition if the coronary arteries that caused reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium
Embolus
Clot or other plug brought by the bloodstream and forced into smaller vessels and then lodges
Coronary thrombosis
Formation of a blood clot in a coronary artery
Coronary occlusion
Obstruction/blockage of a coronary artery
Cerebrovascular accident
An abnormal condition characterized by occlusion of a vessel of the brain by an embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage
Ischemia
Deficiency of blood from functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, may be a complication of a clot
