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Medical Terms > Chapter 7: Body Fluids And Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Body Fluids And Immunity Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Fluid balance

A

Fluid intake equals fluid output

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1
Q

Body Fluid Function

A

To transport nutrients and remove wastes

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2
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Within cells; majority of fluid in an adult’s body

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3
Q

Extra cellular

A

Majority of fluid

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4
Q

Plasma (extracellular)

A

The liquid part of blood

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5
Q

Intrerstitial fluid (extracellular)

A

Located between the cells & tissue spaces

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6
Q

Blood is carried away from the —– by ——– to all —– in the body

A

Heart, arteries, cells

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7
Q

Secretion

A

Process of discharging chemical substances needed by the body

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8
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of waste substances

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9
Q

Nonspecific defense mechanisms

A

Fights against all pathogens

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10
Q

Barriers

A

Prevent pathogen entry

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11
Q

Complement

A

Destroys bacterial cells

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12
Q

Interferon

A

Protect cells from viral infection

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13
Q

Phagocytes

A

Remove debris and pathogen

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14
Q

Inflammation

A

Localizes damage and prepared tissues for healing

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15
Q

Specific defense mechanisms

A

Mechanisms only for particular pathogens

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16
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

Involves T-Lymphocytes or T cells, a WBC

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17
Q

Antibody-mediated immunity

A

Involves B-Lymphocytes or B cells, a WBC

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18
Q

Active natural immunity

A

Contracts disease and produce memory cells

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19
Q

Active artificial immunity

A

Receives vaccination and produce memory cells

20
Q

Passive natural immunity

A

Receive maternal antibodies through placenta or breast milk

21
Q

Passive artificial immunity

A

Receives antiserum with antibodies from another host

22
Q

Allergen

A

Essentially harmless substances that causes allergies

23
Q

Allergies

A

Body reactions with an immune response to common substances in the environment

24
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Life threatening, hypersensitive reactions to a previously encountered antigen

25
Q

Antigen

A

Substance that is capable of including a specific immune response

26
Q

Antibodies/immunoglobulins

A

Formed against antigens; act against harmful, invading microorganisms

27
Q

Histamine

A

Substance released by injured cells in an allergic reaction which dilates the capillaries

28
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Heightened reaction to an antigen

29
Q

Resistance

A

Body’s natural ability to counteract microorganisms with toxics

30
Q

Susceptibility

A

Lack of resistance

31
Q

Coagulate

A

Formation of a clot

32
Q

Hematoma

A

Collection of blood, usually clotted resulting from a break in the blood vessels wall

33
Q

Hyperemia

A

Excessive blood caused by increased blow flow

34
Q

In vitro

A

Occurring in a laboratory test tube

35
Q

In vivo

A

Occurring in a living organism

36
Q

Septicemia

A

Infection in which pathogens spread from body parts, multiplies, and causes blood infection

37
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing

38
Q

Pallor

A

Unnatural paleness/absence of color

39
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting

40
Q

Tachycardia

A

Increased heart rate

41
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in the ears

42
Q

Toxemia

A

Presence of microbial toxins in the blood

43
Q

Allogenic/allogeneic

A

Denoting individuals or tissues that are of the same species

44
Q

Allograft/homologous

A

Tissue removed from a donor from transplant to a recipient

45
Q

Autologous

A

Blood removal and stored for a period before being returned to the donors circulation

46
Q

Intrauterine

A

Immediate exchange transfusions after birth

47
Q

Isograft

A

A transplant from ones identical twin

Medical Terms (3 decks)

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