Chapter 7: Body Fluids And Immunity Flashcards
Fluid balance
Fluid intake equals fluid output
Body Fluid Function
To transport nutrients and remove wastes
Intracellular fluid
Within cells; majority of fluid in an adult’s body
Extra cellular
Majority of fluid
Plasma (extracellular)
The liquid part of blood
Intrerstitial fluid (extracellular)
Located between the cells & tissue spaces
Blood is carried away from the —– by ——– to all —– in the body
Heart, arteries, cells
Secretion
Process of discharging chemical substances needed by the body
Excretion
Elimination of waste substances
Nonspecific defense mechanisms
Fights against all pathogens
Barriers
Prevent pathogen entry
Complement
Destroys bacterial cells
Interferon
Protect cells from viral infection
Phagocytes
Remove debris and pathogen
Inflammation
Localizes damage and prepared tissues for healing
Specific defense mechanisms
Mechanisms only for particular pathogens
Cell-mediated immunity
Involves T-Lymphocytes or T cells, a WBC
Antibody-mediated immunity
Involves B-Lymphocytes or B cells, a WBC
Active natural immunity
Contracts disease and produce memory cells
Active artificial immunity
Receives vaccination and produce memory cells
Passive natural immunity
Receive maternal antibodies through placenta or breast milk
Passive artificial immunity
Receives antiserum with antibodies from another host
Allergen
Essentially harmless substances that causes allergies
Allergies
Body reactions with an immune response to common substances in the environment
Anaphylaxis
Life threatening, hypersensitive reactions to a previously encountered antigen
Antigen
Substance that is capable of including a specific immune response
Antibodies/immunoglobulins
Formed against antigens; act against harmful, invading microorganisms
Histamine
Substance released by injured cells in an allergic reaction which dilates the capillaries
Hypersensitivity
Heightened reaction to an antigen
Resistance
Body’s natural ability to counteract microorganisms with toxics
Susceptibility
Lack of resistance
Coagulate
Formation of a clot
Hematoma
Collection of blood, usually clotted resulting from a break in the blood vessels wall
Hyperemia
Excessive blood caused by increased blow flow
In vitro
Occurring in a laboratory test tube
In vivo
Occurring in a living organism
Septicemia
Infection in which pathogens spread from body parts, multiplies, and causes blood infection
Dyspnea
Difficult breathing
Pallor
Unnatural paleness/absence of color
Syncope
Fainting
Tachycardia
Increased heart rate
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ears
Toxemia
Presence of microbial toxins in the blood
Allogenic/allogeneic
Denoting individuals or tissues that are of the same species
Allograft/homologous
Tissue removed from a donor from transplant to a recipient
Autologous
Blood removal and stored for a period before being returned to the donors circulation
Intrauterine
Immediate exchange transfusions after birth
Isograft
A transplant from ones identical twin
