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BIOL 202 - Final Exam > Chapter 8: Chromosomes & Cell Division > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Chromosomes & Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

How are new cells generated?

A

By cell division

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2
Q

What is cell division?

A

New cells generated. Cells must accurately duplicate and distribute genetic materials into daughter cells. Cell division different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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3
Q

What are the differences in chromosomes for eukaryote and prokaryote?

A

Prokaryote: Circular DNA and one chromosome per cell
Eukaryote: Vertical DNA and protective proteins. Multiple chromosomes

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4
Q

How does prokaryotic cell division by binary fission work?

A
  1. DNA replication: 2nd copy before divisions
  2. Cell elongates & is pinched into 2 new cells
  3. Each daughter cell contains one copy of DNA
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5
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

When the 2 strands of DNA unzips exposing the bases. DNA polymerase creates new strand of DNA using the OG

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6
Q

What are the 2 different processes for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell division?

A

Prokaryotic: Binary fission
Eukaryote: - Mitosis and meiosis.

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7
Q

What are the 2 different types of cells in eukaryotes?

A

Somantic: cells that make up body. New somantic cells are produced by mitosis
Gametes: reproductive cells produced after meiosis.

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8
Q

How many chromosomes do we have for each cell types?

A

Somatic: 44 non-sexual & 2 sexual
Gamete: 22 non-sexual and 1 sexual

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9
Q

What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis: Cell division of somatic cells and creates genetically identical daughter cells. It is involved in growth and cell replacement
Meiosis: Cell division to produce gametes. Daughter cells contain 1/2 genetic material. Results in daughter cells are different in genetic composition

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10
Q

What are the consequences of too few cell division and too many?

A

Too few: little growth or aging

Too many: Cancer

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11
Q

What are telomeres?

A

Sections of non-coding, repetitive DNA that acts as a protective cap on the tip of each chromosomes. Cells stop dividing when telomere is gone completely as it gets shorter with cell division.

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12
Q

What are the 3 phases of Interphase?

A

Gap 1: cell grow in size. It is the resting stage where most somatic cells are arrested at this stage.
DNA synthesis: DNA replication
Gap2: Preparation phase for mitosis

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13
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

Sister chromatids joined at centromer separate and replicate with another sister chromatid. In nuclear membrane

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14
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and cytokines?

A

Mitosis: separation of duplicated chromosomes into 2 ends of cell
Cytokines: Separation of cytoplasm to create 2 cells

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15
Q

What are the 4 different phases of mitosis?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
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BIOL 202 - Final Exam (2 decks)

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