Chapter 6 : DNA & Gene Expression Flashcards
What is DNA?
It is a molecule carried by all living organisms in almost every cell in their body. It contains information for the function of all. It is unique to each and also an individual identifier.
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix formed of 2 sugar-phosphate backbones spiral around each other. Each bases stick from sugar molecule.
What is a nucleotide?
Unit of DNA molecule composed of phosphate, sugar and nitrogen.
What are the nitrogen-containing bases?
A-T, G-C
What is a genome?
An organism’s complete set of DNA
Also in nucleus of eukaryotes
What is a chromosome?
one or more unique pieces of DNA packed with protein
What is a gene?
A specific sequence of DNA
What is the difference in DNA shape in eukaryote vs prokaryote?
Eukaryote: linear
Prokaryote: circular
How is determined the meaning of gene?
By DNA sequence
What are alleles?
Different versions of gene that code for the same feature.
What are traits?
Any single characteristic or feature of organism.
How many alleles do human carry?
2: 1 from mom, 1 from dad. Can be same of different
What is genotype?
Based on DNA sequence, it is like an instruction book.
What is a phenotype?
It is the different forms of traits that are influenced by the genotype and environment.
How many % of DNA is coded for protein for human?
2%
Genes make up how many % of DNA for bacteria and viruses?
90% and +
What are the 3 different non-coding DNA?
Intron: non-coding DNA with gene (links coding DNA)
Exon: Coding region of gene
Intergenic region: non-coding DNA between genes (junk DNA)
What is gene expression?
The process by which genetic information used to synthesize gene product.