Chapter 8 : Bandura

Question 1

Reciprocal determinism –P(IF)-B-E model(3 factors that determinate behavior)

Answer 1

A back and force influence with no primary cause.

1. Personal Factors (beliefs/expectations/thoughts)
2. Behaviour(observable actions ex: amount and type of studying)
3. Environment( External stimuli ex: grade achieved)

Question 2

Self-efficacy

Answer 2

A belief about your competency to perform in a particular situation and tasks.

Question 3

Five sources of SE beliefs

Answer 3

1. Successful Performances(Accomplishments/Failures)
2. Vicarious Experiences(observe others behaviors and the consequences of those behaviors)
3. Internal Images(visualizing yourself behaving effectively or successfully in a given situation.
4. Verbal Persuasion(feedback person receives from others, less effective than 3 above)
5. Physiological and Emotional Arousal(the state you’re in. ex: worrying may diminish our sense of SE)

Question 4

Observational learning(can be used instead of direct reinforcement) can you explain the first four requirements in this process

Answer 4

• Imitation and observational learning
  1. Attention
  2. Remember whats observed
  3. Reproduce what’s learned
  4. Perform for a reason(when it matters)

Question 5

What is Aaron Beck’s form of therapy

Answer 5

Changing someone’s self defeating thoughts by:

a. Evaluating evidence for accuracy of automatic thoughts
b. Reattribute blame(realistic way)
c. 3 column method
d. RET
e. CBT

Question 6

What about Rational-emotive therapy(RET) by Albert Ellis

Answer 6

Sometimes people have illogical, self-defeating thoughts and Ellis believes that we need to “show people the absurdity of those thoughts and make mincemeat(get rid of) their assumptions”

Question 7

Explain the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT) approach?

Answer 7

• Alter the way people act

- by becoming aware of irrational thoughts and replacing them with new thoughts and behaviors.

Question 8

What are cognitive distortions?

Answer 8

• The way our mind convinces us of something that isn’t really true.
  1. All or nothing
  2. Overgeneralization
  3. Mental FIlter
  4. Disqualifying the positive
  5. Jumping to conclusions
  6. Magnification(catastrophizing)
  7. Emotional Reasoning
  8. Should Statements
  9. Labelling and Mislabeling
  10. Personalization

Question 9

Goal Setting (Locke and Latham)

Answer 9

Consider specific, difficult but obtainable and concordant goals:

• Specificity of goals(directs the individual by precisely describing what to do)
• Difficulty of goals( The task proficiency required to attain a goal)(difficult but attainable goals enhance performance)
• Self-concordant goals(goals that have intrinsic fit and interest by the performer)