Chapter 8 - Architecture Design Flashcards

1
Q

What is architectural design?

A

Architectural design is a shorthand for the plans for how a system will be distributed across various hardware, what that hardware is, its OS, and the applications that are used on that hardware.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the key factors in architectural design?

A

The key factors in architectural design are the nonfunctional requirements laid out in the analysis phase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What goes on during hardware and software specification?

A

During hardware and software specification, the needed hardware and software are designated. Duh.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the objective of architecture design?

A

Architecture design is meant to determine how the software that is being designed will be linked with the system’s hardware.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the architectural components of a system?

A

The architectural components of a system are basically just hardware and software.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four functions of system architectural design?

A

The four functions of system architectural design are:

  • Data Storage
  • Data Access Logic - The processing required to access stored data
  • Application Logic - Logic documented in DFDs, use cases, and functional requirements
  • Presentation Logic - Display of information to the user, and acceptance of user commands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three primary hardware components?

A

The three primary hardware components are:

  • Client computers
  • Servers
  • The Network
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a client-server architecture?

A

A client-server architecture is one where the processing is balanced between client devices and one or more servers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the client-server architecture, who is responsible for what?

A

In client-server architectures, the client is responsible for presentation logic, while the server is responsible for data access logic and data storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a thick/fat client?

A

A thick, or fat, client contains most or all of the application logic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a thin client?

A

A thin client is a client that only contains a small portion of the application logic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the four benefits of client-server architectures?

A

The main benefits of client-server architectures are thus:

  • Scalability
  • Through middleware, can support multiple types clients & servers
  • The various logics can be independant
  • If one server fails, only that server’s applications are affected.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main downside of client-server architectures?

A

The main downside of client-server architectures is their complexity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do tiers work in architecture?

A

In system architecture, each tier is a device that is operated through in the process of operating the system. A three-tiered system might have a client communicating to an application server, which then speaks to a database server.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does a server-based architecture work?

A

A server-based architecture works by using a dummy terminal to interact directly with the application running on the server.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does a client-based architecture work?

A

A client-based architecture has the client running the presentation logic, the application logic, and the data-access logic.

17
Q

What is virtualization?

A

Virtualization is the creation and use of virtual devices and resources, such as servers or storage devices.

18
Q

What is server virtualization?

A

Server virtualization is the partitioning of one physical server into multiple smaller virtual servers.

19
Q

What is storage virtualization?

A

Storage virtualization is the combining multiple networked storage devices into what would appear to be one single storage unit.

20
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Cloud computing is a wide-encompassing term for the delivery of various services, from computing power or infrastructure, applications, business processes, etc, to be delivered as a service whenever and whereever needed.

21
Q

What is the cloud?

A

The “clould” is a term for a set of hardware, networks, storages, devices, and interfaces that combine together to deliver aspects of computing as a service.

22
Q

What are the three main implementations of cloud computing?

A

The three main implementations of cloud computing are:

  • Private Cloud
  • Public Cloud
  • Hybrid Cloud
23
Q

What are the main advantages of cloud computing?

A

The main advantages of cloud computing are:

  • Dynamic resources, can be increased or decreased as needed
  • Customers can receive resources in a straightforward fashion
  • Cloud services generally have standardized APIs
  • Customers are only billed for what they use.
24
Q

What is the largest restriction when choosing a new infrastructure?

A

The largest restriction when choosing a new infrastructure is generally the existing infrastructure, since most new systems will tend to use them.

25
Q

Why are client-server architectures favored?

A

Client-server architectures are favored as a result of their infrastructure, which is generally low-cost compared to other options.

26
Q

What are the first steps towards creating a new architecture design?

A

The first step towards creating a new architectural design is to look at the nonfunctional requirements of the system, and refine them into more detailed requirements.

27
Q

What are the main types of Operational Requirements?

A

The main types of operational requirements are:

  • Technical Requirements - Special requirements imposed by business
  • System Integration Requirements - How the system will need to work with other systems
  • Portability Requirements - How much it will need to work in other environments
  • Maintainability Requirements - Expected business changes to adapt to
28
Q

What are the main types of Performance Requirements?

A

The main types of performance requirements are:

  • Speed Requirements - The time within which a system must perform its functions
  • Capacity Requirements - The total and peak number of users & volume of data expected
  • Availability & Reliability Requirements - The extent the system will be available, & the permissible failure rate due to errors.
29
Q

What are the main types of Security Requirements?

A

The main types of security requirements are:

  • System Value Estimates
  • Access Control Requirements
  • Encryption & Authentication Requirements
  • Virus Control Requirements
30
Q

What are the main types of cultural and political requirements?

A

The main types of cultural and political requirements are:

  • Multilingual requirements
  • Customization requirements - What aspects can be changed by local users
  • Making Unstated Norms Explicit - Things like dating conventions, or units of measure
  • Legal Requirements - Personal info requirements, etc.