Chapter 8 and 9 Flashcards
why are blood cultures drawn?
They are drawn to test the blood for the presence of bacterial or fungal iinfection in the blood
what are preanalytical errors?
errors that occur before testing a specimen
whats the most common preanalytical errors?
misidentification of a patient or speciemen
how can you avoid preanalytical errors?
PBT must identify patient using two unique identifiers such as asking patient to state and spell name and state their date of birth
when should you use a winged collection set (butterfly needle)? 3
- when a patient has small of fragile veins
- getting blood drawn from the back of the hand
- and some collections like blood cultures are performed with it
what does sodium fluoride do?
It acts as a prevention from the deterioration of glucose
Mostly, what tubes are serology tests drawn in?
serum separator tubes
what’s the order of draw for blood culture and coagulation tests?
- For blood cultures you should always do those first and then follow order of draw if other tubes
- For coagulation tests they would go right after blood cultures then follow order of draw if other tubes
what type of additive doesn’t change the quality of blood?
anticoagulants
what is the capillary puncture order of draw? 4
- Blood gases
- EDTA tubes
- Tubes with other additives
- Serum tubes
what are timed draws?
blood draw that must happen at a specific time
what a peak in timed draws?
a peak is when medication is at its highest level in the bloodstream
what’s the trough in timed draws?
where medication is at its lowest point in the blood stream
true or false: sometimes blood’s drawn to ensure patient is recieving the right amount of medication.
true
when are trough levels most accurately measured?
before the next dose is schedules
what’s the peak time for IV meds?
15-30 minutes after medication has been given
what’s the peak time for oral medications?
an hour after medication was swallowed
how to identify patients to avoid serious problems?
use two unique identifiers
what are the most common unique identifiers?
- state and spell full name
-state date of birth
what’s the correct handling for light-sensitive analytes?
- collected in amber tubes
- or shielded from light by wrapping tubes in foil
- or placing them in light blocking bags
what’s the correct handling for body temperature sensitive specimens?
collect in a prewarmed tube and place in a heating block
how should you store and transport specimens that must be kept cold?
ice slurry/cold pack
how should you handle a patient who has a history of passing out?
You should keep them in a chair that can recline or put them on a reclined or flat surface
what are bariatric chairs used for?
obese patients
what is a tourniquet substitute?
a tourniquet substitute would be a blood pressure cuff
which part of the body requires a doctors order to be stuck for venipuncture?
the foot
which blood type of are most blood test performed on?
venous blood
can one tube perform many tests or is one tube used for one test?
one tube can perform many tests
what’s 1st choice for venipuncture?
median cubital vein
what’s 2nd choice of venipuncture?
cephalic vein
what’s the third choice of venipuncture?
basilica vein
how do you clean a site for blood cultures?
clean usually with 70% isopropyl alcohol and then cleaned for 30 seconds with chlorhexidine gluconate. allow to fully dry before procedure
what degree do you stick at?
30 degree
why don’t you stick at a higher angle?
you may hit a nerve or artery
when do you invert your tubes?
immediately after draw
what’s a discard tube?
its a tube that’s used to collect any air before any of other required tubes are drawn
what should you do when drawing blood on an unpredictable patient?
recline them
if they are seizing make sure they do not become injured
what’s the method for a syring transfer device?
This is used on patients with smaller or more fragile veins because the syringe places less pressure on the veins
what’s the first priority when a patient is seizing?
make sure they don’t become injured
what is QNS?
- stands for Quantity not sufficient
- it commonly marks specimens that are rejected for testing
what is alcohol implied consent?
- when you have a drivers license and are suspected of driving under the influence they can make you take a blood alcohol test
- since you have your drivers license this is used as implied consent
what’s the step before serum specimens are centrifuged?
allow them to clot before centrifugation
do serum tubes need to be centrifuged?
yes, however they need to clot for 30-6 minutes before centrifugation
what is an ice slurry?
a mixture of crushed ice and water which is used to store and transport chilled specimens
