Chapter 8 and 9

Question 1

why are blood cultures drawn?

Answer 1

They are drawn to test the blood for the presence of bacterial or fungal iinfection in the blood

Question 2

what are preanalytical errors?

Answer 2

errors that occur before testing a specimen

Question 3

whats the most common preanalytical errors?

Answer 3

misidentification of a patient or speciemen

Question 4

how can you avoid preanalytical errors?

Answer 4

PBT must identify patient using two unique identifiers such as asking patient to state and spell name and state their date of birth

Question 5

when should you use a winged collection set (butterfly needle)? 3

Answer 5

• when a patient has small of fragile veins
• getting blood drawn from the back of the hand
• and some collections like blood cultures are performed with it

Question 6

what does sodium fluoride do?

Answer 6

It acts as a prevention from the deterioration of glucose

Question 7

Mostly, what tubes are serology tests drawn in?

Answer 7

serum separator tubes

Question 8

what’s the order of draw for blood culture and coagulation tests?

Answer 8

• For blood cultures you should always do those first and then follow order of draw if other tubes
• For coagulation tests they would go right after blood cultures then follow order of draw if other tubes

Question 9

what type of additive doesn’t change the quality of blood?

Answer 9

anticoagulants

Question 10

what is the capillary puncture order of draw? 4

Answer 10

1. Blood gases
2. EDTA tubes
3. Tubes with other additives
4. Serum tubes

Question 11

what are timed draws?

Answer 11

blood draw that must happen at a specific time

Question 12

what a peak in timed draws?

Answer 12

a peak is when medication is at its highest level in the bloodstream

Question 13

what’s the trough in timed draws?

Answer 13

where medication is at its lowest point in the blood stream

Question 14

true or false: sometimes blood’s drawn to ensure patient is recieving the right amount of medication.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

when are trough levels most accurately measured?

Answer 15

before the next dose is schedules

Question 16

what’s the peak time for IV meds?

Answer 16

15-30 minutes after medication has been given

Question 17

what’s the peak time for oral medications?

Answer 17

an hour after medication was swallowed

Question 18

how to identify patients to avoid serious problems?

Answer 18

use two unique identifiers

Question 19

what are the most common unique identifiers?

Answer 19

• state and spell full name
  -state date of birth

Question 20

what’s the correct handling for light-sensitive analytes?

Answer 20

• collected in amber tubes
• or shielded from light by wrapping tubes in foil
• or placing them in light blocking bags

Question 21

what’s the correct handling for body temperature sensitive specimens?

Answer 21

collect in a prewarmed tube and place in a heating block

Question 22

how should you store and transport specimens that must be kept cold?

Answer 22

ice slurry/cold pack

Question 23

how should you handle a patient who has a history of passing out?

Answer 23

You should keep them in a chair that can recline or put them on a reclined or flat surface

Question 24

what are bariatric chairs used for?

Answer 24

obese patients

Question 25

what is a tourniquet substitute?

Answer 25

a tourniquet substitute would be a blood pressure cuff

Question 26

which part of the body requires a doctors order to be stuck for venipuncture?

Answer 26

the foot

Question 27

which blood type of are most blood test performed on?

Answer 27

venous blood

Question 28

can one tube perform many tests or is one tube used for one test?

Answer 28

one tube can perform many tests

Question 29

what’s 1st choice for venipuncture?

Answer 29

median cubital vein

Question 30

what’s 2nd choice of venipuncture?

Answer 30

cephalic vein

Question 31

what’s the third choice of venipuncture?

Answer 31

basilica vein

Question 32

how do you clean a site for blood cultures?

Answer 32

clean usually with 70% isopropyl alcohol and then cleaned for 30 seconds with chlorhexidine gluconate. allow to fully dry before procedure

Question 33

what degree do you stick at?

Answer 33

30 degree

Question 34

why don’t you stick at a higher angle?

Answer 34

you may hit a nerve or artery

Question 35

when do you invert your tubes?

Answer 35

immediately after draw

Question 36

what’s a discard tube?

Answer 36

its a tube that’s used to collect any air before any of other required tubes are drawn

Question 37

what should you do when drawing blood on an unpredictable patient?

Answer 37

recline them
if they are seizing make sure they do not become injured

Question 38

what’s the method for a syring transfer device?

Answer 38

This is used on patients with smaller or more fragile veins because the syringe places less pressure on the veins

Question 39

what’s the first priority when a patient is seizing?

Answer 39

make sure they don’t become injured

Question 40

what is QNS?

Answer 40

• stands for Quantity not sufficient
• it commonly marks specimens that are rejected for testing

Question 41

what is alcohol implied consent?

Answer 41

• when you have a drivers license and are suspected of driving under the influence they can make you take a blood alcohol test
• since you have your drivers license this is used as implied consent

Question 42

what’s the step before serum specimens are centrifuged?

Answer 42

allow them to clot before centrifugation

Question 43

do serum tubes need to be centrifuged?

Answer 43

yes, however they need to clot for 30-6 minutes before centrifugation

Question 44

what is an ice slurry?

Answer 44

a mixture of crushed ice and water which is used to store and transport chilled specimens