Chapter 8- Ancient Greece

Question 1

Minoans

Answer 1

built an advanced society on the island of crete but civilization ended with volcanic eruption

Question 2

Mycenaeans

Answer 2

first people to speak Greek; lived on Greek mainland; crumbled in 1200s BC

Question 3

Dark Age

Answer 3

a period of war and disorder

Question 4

polis

Answer 4

Greek word for city-state

Question 5

acropolis

Answer 5

high hill

Question 6

agora

Answer 6

Greek for marketplace

Question 7

TRojan war

Answer 7

War between Greece and troy; no one knows how started

Question 8

democracy

Answer 8

a type of government in which the people rule themselves

Question 9

aristocrats

Answer 9

rich landowners

Question 10

oligarchy

Answer 10

a government in which only a few people have power

Question 11

Draco

Answer 11

created a set of harsh laws

Question 12

citizens

Answer 12

people who had the right to participate in government

Question 13

tyrant

Answer 13

a leader who held power through the use of force

Question 14

Iliad

Answer 14

epic about Trojan war with Achilles as main hero

Question 15

Odyssey

Answer 15

about the challenges of Odysseus on his way home from the Trojan war; his journey took 10 years

Question 16

fables

Answer 16

short stories that teach the reader about life or give advice on how to live

Question 17

Cyrus the Great

Answer 17

led a successful revolt against the Medes that began the Persian empire

Question 18

cavalry

Answer 18

a unit of soldiers who ride horses

Question 19

Darius I

Answer 19

divided empire into 20 provinces governed by satraps but he was the king of kings; roads, capital, religion, swore he would get revenge on the Greeks

Question 20

Persian wars

Answer 20

a series of wars between Persia and Greece

Question 21

Battle at Marathon

Answer 21

490 BC, Athenians won, began Persian wars

Question 22

Battle at Thermopylae

Answer 22

Greeks held off Persian army at mountain pass for 3 days; Greek traitor helped Persians attack from behind; Persians won

Question 23

Battle of Salamis

Answer 23

Athenian boats sank the Persian boats because the Persian boats were too big to fit through a strait; Athenians won

Question 24

Battle of Platea

Answer 24

Greeks won; ended persian wars; Persians left and Greeks saved their homeland

Question 25

alliance

Answer 25

an agreement to work together

Question 26

Delian league

Answer 26

an alliance between some city-states with Athens as its strongest member

Question 27

Peloponnesian League

Answer 27

an alliance between cities in southern Greece, including Sparta

Question 28

Peloponnesian war

Answer 28

a war between Athens and Sparta that threatened to tear all of Greece apart

Question 29

Philip II

Answer 29

macedonian king who defeated the Greeks

Question 30

phalanx

Answer 30

a group of warriors who stood close together in a square

Question 31

Alexander the Great

Answer 31

Philip’s son; destroyed thebes; defeated Persians; conquered Persian empire; largest empire the world had seen; spread Greek influence and named cities after himself

Question 32

Hellenistic

Answer 32

Greek like

Question 33

Helenistic Macedonia

Answer 33

most Greek but weakest gov’t

Question 34

Hellenistic Syria

Answer 34

most of former Persian empire; Romans took over in 60s BC

Question 35

Hellenistic Egypt

Answer 35

Alexandria center for culture and learning; longest lasting

Question 36

Pythagoras

Answer 36

formula for sides of a right triangle (a^2 + b^2=c^2)

Question 37

Archimedes

Answer 37

invented water screw and worked with lever and pulley

Question 38

the Republic

Answer 38

most famous book by Plato; about society run by philosophers

Question 39

Sophocles

Answer 39

Greek tragedy writer

Question 40

tragedies

Answer 40

described the hardships faced by Greek heroes

Question 41

comedies

Answer 41

made fun of people and ideas

Question 42

Parthenon

Answer 42

most impressive of all ancient Greek buildings; temple to athena; on the Athenian acropolis