chapter 10-11 Rome Flashcards
Aeneas
great Trojan hero who came to Italy and became a prominent ruler
the Aeneid
an epic poem about Aenaes’ story
Virgil
wrote the Aeneid
Romulus and Remus
raised by wolves; romulus killed Remus; Romulus built rome and named it after himself
republic
a type of government in which people elect leaders to govern them
dictators
rulers with almost absolute power
Cincinnatus
one of Rome’s famous dictators who defeated enemies and returned to his farm
plebeians
common people
patricians
nobles
Etruscans
lived in Italy before Rome was founded; last three kings of Rome were Etruscan
tripartite
a government with three parts
magistrates
officials
consuls
the 2 most powerful magistrates in Rome
Roman Senate
a council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city’s leaders
Assemblies
both patricians and plebeians; primary job to elect the magistrates
Tribunes
elected officials elected by the plebeians
veto
prohibit
Latin
the Romans’ language
checks and balances
methods to balance power
Forum
Rome’s public meeting place
Law of the 12 tables
Rome’s first written law code; produced on 12 bronze tables, or tablets
Palatine hill
where Rome’s richest people lived
Capitoline Hill
where Rome’s grandest temples stood
legions
groups of up to 6000 soldiers
centuries
groups of 100 soldiers
punic wars
a series of wars against carthage, a city in northern Africa
Hannibal
brilliant general; war elephants; defeated at Zama
Tiberius and Gracchus
brothers who addressed Rome’s problems but were killed
Gaius Marius
a consul who encouraged poor people to join the army
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
came into conflict with Marius and after causing civil war, defeated Marius and named himself dictator
Spartacus
a former gladiator who led a slave revolt but was killed in battle
Cicero
philosopher and speaker who argued to limit the generals power and restore checks and balances
Julius Caesar
great general who ruled with Pompey and Crassus then killed Pompey when he wanted power for himself and made himself dictator for life; was killed on Ides of March
Pompey
ruled with Caesar and Crassus but wanted power for himself then Caesar killed him
Crassus
ruled with Caesar and Pompey until partnership ended
Rubicon River
the boundary between Gaul and Italy
Marc Antony
Caesar’s assistant; took control with Octavian after Caesar’s death; married octavian’s sister then divorced her and married Cleopatra then committed suicide
Octavian
took control with Marc Antony; stated civil war after Marc divorced his sister; became Rome’s sole ruler and Senate gave him name Augustus which means revered one
Pax Romana
Roman peace
aqueduct
a raised channel used to carry water form mountains into cities
Romance languages
Italian, French, Romanian, Portugese, Spanish
Civic Law
a legal system based on a written code of laws
Diocletian
divided empire and ruled east half
Attila
Hun leader
corruption
decay of people’s values
Justinian
an emperor who organized the laws into a new legal system called Justinians code
Theodora
Justinians wife who convinced him to stay and fight an uprising which he did and won
Byzantine Empire
the society that developed in the eastern Roman empire
