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chemistry > chapter 8 - acids and bases (part one ; acids) > Flashcards

chapter 8 - acids and bases (part one ; acids) Flashcards

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1
Q

chemical formula of ethanoic acid

A

CH₃COOH

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2
Q

chemical formula of hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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3
Q

chemical formula of nitric acid

A

HNO₃

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4
Q

chemical formula of sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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5
Q

definition of acid

A

a substance that ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+

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6
Q

name the 4 physical properties of acids

A
  1. taste sour
  2. turn blue litmus paper red
  3. pH of less than 7
  4. can conduct electricity due to free moving ions
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7
Q

name the 3 chemical properties of acids

A
  1. reacts with reactive metal to form salt + hydrogen
  2. reacts with alkali/base to form salt + water
  3. reacts with metal carbonate to form salt + water + carbon dioxide
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8
Q

do acids react with unreactive metals?

A

no

when unreactive metals like copper and silver are added to dilute acids, there is no reaction

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9
Q

formula when acid reacts with reactive metals

A

acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen

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10
Q

what happens when acids react with bases?
(bases ; metals oxides and hydroxides)

A

neutralization occurs

it forms a salt and water

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11
Q

formula when acid reacts with bases

A

acid + base –> salt + water

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12
Q

formula when acid reacts with carbonates

A

acid + carbonate –> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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13
Q

how can we test for carbon dioxide?

A

bubbling a gas through limewater.
carbon dioxide gas forms a white precipitate with limewater.

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14
Q

what does the term ‘strength’ refer to in acids?

A

the term strength refers to the extent of ionization of an acid when dissolved in water

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15
Q

definition of a strong acid

A

a substance that ionises completely when dissolved in water to form hydrogen ions

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16
Q

definition of a weak acid

A

a substance that ionises partially when dissolved in water to form hydrogen ions

17
Q

example (one) of weak acids
+ concentration of H+ ions (high/low)
+ ionisation (partial/complete)

A

CH₃COOH

low concentration of H+ ions

partial ionisation

18
Q

examples of strong acids
+ concentration of H+ ions (high/low)
+ ionisation (partial/complete)

A

HCl, HNO₃, H2SO4

high concentration of H+ ions

complete ionisation

chemistry (12 decks)

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