Chapter 8 & 9: The President And Bureacreacy Flashcards
To remove the president, after being impeached by the house what must be done?
2/3 Vote in the senate must determine if the president is to be removed
Under Article 2, power to make treaties is limited by…
Senate
The executive office of the president established in 1939 does what?
Help president manage bureaucracy
Homeland security developed in what level?
Cabinet level department
Nature of federal bureaucracy was permanently changed by…
The civil war
Key factor in funding bureaucracy
House appropriate committee- in charged of funding
In dealing with bureaucracy president has power to…
Change annual budget proposals
All department are headed by a secretary except for…
Department of Justice
Cabinet
Formal group of presidential advisors who head the 15 executive departments and help the president make decisions and execute all laws
Executive Order
A rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the federal register
impeachment
Power to the House of Reps in the Constitution- begins the removal of an official from office
Inherent Powers
Powers of the president that derived or inferred from specific powers in the constition
Line-Item Veto
The authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislation that involves taxing or spending. The legislature may override a veto, usually with a 2/3s majority of each chamber.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
The office that prepares the presidents annual budgets and programs of the executive dept. supplies economic forecasts and conducts detailed analysis of proposed bills and agency rules
Pardon
Executive grant providing restoration of citizenship to a specific individual charges or convicted of crime.
Patronage
Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as awards to friends and political allies for their support.
22nd Amendment
1951- Prevents president from serving more than 2 terms or more than 10 years
25th Amendment
1967- Procedures for filling vacancies in the office of president and Vice Presidents; provides procedure on what to do if something happens to president
U.S. Vs. Nixon
Court Ruling on power of president, there is no absolute constitutional executive privilege to allow president to refuse to comply with a court order to produce info needed in a criminal case
War Powers Act
1973- President is limited in the development of troops overseas to a today period in peacetime( can be extended to an extra 30 days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives approval for a longer period.
Veto
The formal constitutional power (of the president ) to reject any Congressional legislation.
Administrative Adjunction
A seemingly judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between 2 parties n a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes.
Administrative Discretion
The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional intentions
Bureaucracy
A set of complex hierarchical department agencies, commissions, and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out his or her duties
Civil Service System
The system created civil service laws by which many appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made
Hatch Act
1939- government employees can’t engage in politics while on duty
The Environmental Protection Agency is an Example of…
Independent Executive Agency
An example of Government Agency would be
Tennessee valley Authority
Nearly 1/3 of all federal employees work for the…
Postal Service
The Civil Service reform Act of 1883 was designed to reduce patronage and was also known as the…
Pendelton Act
The ratification of the ______ Amendment in 1913 gave Congress the author it to implement federal income tax, and thus allowed government to grow even more
16th Amendment
In 1789, the bureaucracy consisted of…
Three departments: State, War, and Treasury
The nature of the federal bureaucracy was permanently changed by…
The civil war
The White house staff employees…
Derive their power from personal relationships with the president and have no legal authority
The president’s responsibilities in the budget process stem from…
FDR’s response to the Great Depression
The key to amassing greater power and authority for a president lies in…
The ability to persuade
The 1st president to claim a leadership role for the executive branch in law-making was…
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The most powerful First Lady in history was
Edith Wilson
In 1947, the _____ was established to advise to president on military affairs and foreign policy.
National Security Council
The Cabinet System was established by…
tradition
The general trend in teh 20th century, has been toward a more powerful president. This is due to…
A series of crisis beginning with the Great Depression
Membership of the Cabinet is determined by the…
President
Merit System
The system by which civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels to which appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive examinations
Pendleton Act
Reform measure that created the Civil Service Commission to administer a partial merit system. Made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular political party.
Spoil System
The firing of public office holders of defeated political party and their replacement with loyalists of newly elected party
Issues Network
An alliance between various groups and individuals who unite to promote a common cause/agenda
Rule of Propinquity
Power is wielded by people who are in the room when a decision is made.
- advisors, staff, others are only influential in relation to how close they are to president
State of Union
Annual message delivered to congress by presos u.s. in which he describes condition of country and outlines problems and pros Poe’s annum always program of legislation.
Government Coorporation
Business established by congress that perform functions that could be provided by private business (such as U.S. postal service)
Who can be president?
- must be natural born citizen and lived in U.S. for 14 years
- must be at least 35 years old
Presidency has roots in…
Early British colonies
- colonists distrusted King and royal governors
- upon independence articles of confed. Didn’t have executive branch
Steps for Impeachment and removal
- House confites an investigation and drafts articles of impeachment for “treason, bribery, or high crimes and misdemeanors.”
- majority vote to conduct and turns to senate in which 2/3 vote can remove president
What 2 presidents are had been impeached?
Johnson and Bill Clinton
- neither were removed
Presidential Succession Order
President Vice President Speaker of House President Pro Temporero of the Senate Secretary of State
25th Amendment added in 1967 to allow President to appoint Vice President if Vaccant
- Majority Approval of both houses needed
Appointment Powers- Constitutional Powers of Pres
ambassadors, Supreme Court Judges, federal judges, & over 3,000 offices
–Senate must approve Supreme Court, Fed Court & Cabinet. Very political since Clinton
Power to Convene Congress-Constitutional Powers of Pres
must tell State of the Union and can call special session of Congress
Constitutional Powers of Pres- Power to make Treaties
Can recognize countries and receive ambassadors. Can make treaties with 2/3 of Senate
–Executive Agreements don’t need Senate approval
Constitutional Power of Pres- Veto Power
Pres can reject legislation
Constitutional Power of Pres- Commander in Chief
The President is in control of all the military according to Article II.
–War Powers Act tried to limit it but ignored
Constitutional Powers of the Pres- Pardoning Power
as a check on the judiciary, president can grant a reprieve (cancel or postpone punishment) or a pardon (forgive crime).
–Ford pardoned Nixon to end Watergate for US
–Clinton pardoned Marc Rich, who’s ex-wife was major Clinton donor (140 others on last day of Presidency)
–Once pardoned, it has the power of law
The Vice President presides over…
Senate in case of tie
The First Lady
Serves as informal advisor and some family contribute
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
are inner circle of advisors, including National Security Council, Council of Economic Advisors & Office of Management & Budget
–Answer only to president
Budgetary Process
President sets priorities & policy through budget.
–Must work with Congress & OMB
Winning Support for Programs
Patronage, party, persuasion, public opinion
Interstate Commerce Commission was a result of what adn is an example of what?
- result of growing nation- as nation grows so does the bureaucracy
- An example of an independent regulatory Commission
Who are bureaucrats?
1.8 Million Civilians, 30% of dept of defense. Most are part of civil service e
Formal Organizarions
Cabinet departments: 15 major depts. Each headed by secretary (60% of federal workforce).
•Government Corporations: businesses created by congress that could be done by private but aren’t profitable (Amtrak, Tennessee Valley Authority)
•Independent Executive Agencies: Narrow mandates to perform service (NASA, CIA, EPA)
Administrative Discretion
Bureaucracies have to interpret vague laws. They have to create procedures and rules to carry them out, helping them to shape the policy.
Rule making
Bureaucracies write regulations that have the force of law.
–Take hold after 30 days, most after formal hearings
Making Agencies Accountable
Executive Control: President has authority to
•Appoint and remove heads, reorganize bureaucracies, change budget proposals, issue executive orders
Congressional Control: Congress has authority to
•Pass legislation to change agency’s function, abolish programs, investigate bureaucracies, influence presidential appointments, limit funding
Judicial Control: Courts have the authority to
•Rule if bureaucracy has acted within the law, rule on constitutionality, force respect for rights of individuals through hearings
New Deal
Programs of reliefs, recovery, reform begun by president FDR to end depression
Executive office of the President ( EOP)
1939- helped president oversee the executive branch bureaucracy
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
The office that prepares the president’s arrival budget and programs of the economic forecasts and conducts detailed analysis of proposed bills and agency rules
9/11 Commission
2004- Bipartisan National Commission on terrors attack upon the US
Responsibilities of Office of Management and Budget
- plays key role in president’s ability to support proposed and existing programs
- prepares annual budget, designers Pres.’s programs, reviews budget and plans
What in OMB’s advantage over Congress
Expertise of OMB directo often gives them on advantage over congress
How are executive orders commonly used?
Many executive orders are issued to help clarify/implement legislation enacted by congress and other other executive orders have effect of making new policy
Why do president’s actions press conferences and prefer talking directly to people
Going public means Pres. Goes over congress to gain support directly with people
Departments
Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operation.
Independent Executive Agencies
Governmental units that closely resemble a cabinet department but has a narrower areas of responsibility (ex. Central Intelligence Agency)
independent regulatory Commissions
Agencies related bu Congress to exist outside the major dept. to regulate a specific economic activity or interest
