Chapter 8/9 Flashcards
Person who goes to a new country to live
Immigrant
Combination of companies dominating an industry
Trust
Sophisticated organization developed to win votes
Political machine
A community that blossomed at the edge of a city
Suburb
Apartment building, often a rental
Tenement
The growth of cities
Urbanization
Developments in _ helped promote the move to the suburbs
Transportation
The opening of a _ in the city was a magnet that pulled in new residents
Factories
Most immigrants settled in _.
Cities
Social problems of the cities included buildings that had no source of _
Fresh air
The most famous political machine in the country was headquarter in
Tammany hall
The rash of business mergers and buyouts helped account for the growing concentration of _
Wealth
Through wages increases slowly between 1890 and 1910, most workers live just outside the reach of _
Financial ruin
Photographer and journalist _ exposed the suffering of those who lived in tenements
Jacob Riis
Large companies could cut costs, which accounted for some benefits of _
Consumers
Two of the most severe urban problems were _ and _
Poor housing
Political corruption
What term names the progressive strategy that emphasized the role of the church in improving life on earth?
Social gospel movement
What word names a writer who motivates the public to attack political and social corruption?
Muckraker
What term names an institution the provided education and social services to poor people?
Settlement house
What word names a reformer?
Progressive
_ feared the concentration of power in the hands of a wealthy few.
Progressive
Unlike populists, progressives usually lived in _
Cities
Social scientist _ believed that a larger role by government would improve the social environment
Lester ward
Muckrakers such as _ and _ exposed ruthless methods of big business and the horrible
Ida B tornbell and Upton Sinclair
One leader of the socialist gospel movement,_ , believed that the cause of ills in society stemmed from environmental conditions such as _ and _.
Walter rauschenbusch
Unemployment
Poverty
One of the leaders in the battle against child labor was _
Florence Kelley
During the progressive era, women were taking a more _ role in confronting political and economic problems
Active
A leader of the antilynching movement was _
Ida B wells
Who established a settlement house?
Jane Addams
Who investigate conditions under which goods are made?
National consumers’ league
Who helped African Americans improve their living conditions?
Nation urban league
Political reform that gave citizens a chance to remove an elected official from office before the persons term ended
Recall
Political reform that allowed citizens to introduce a bill into legislature and required members to take a vote on it
Initiative
Political reform that established a procedure by which voters cast ballots for or against proposed laws
Referendum
An election open to all voted within the party
Direct primary
Many cities switched either to a _ system of government or to a _ system
Commissioner
City manager
Governor _ made Wisconsin the premier example of a state which citizens directed and controlled their government
Robert La Follette
To allow citizens instead of_ to select candidates for office, La Follette pressured the legislature to pass a law instituting a direct primary
Party bosses
The women _ movement gained momentum in the 1890’s.
Suffrage
One way government regulated _ was by establishing commissions to oversee or run utilities
Big business
To care for injured workers congress passed the _ law
Workers compensation
A limited workday for women was a major victory in the progressives battle to make government a protector of the _
Public interest
One of the key progressive reforms for children was the expansion of _
Public education
The temperance movement aimed to protect _
Women
The city of _ was seen as a model of political efficiency
Galveston
The state of _ was seen as a laboratory of democracy
Wisconsin
Settlement imposed by an outside party
Arbitration
Company that bought controlling shares of stock in member companies instead of purchasing the companies out right
Holding company
Rational scientific management of national resources such as forests
Resource management
Roosevelt’s political career began in _ state
New York
_ rode his fame as a rough rider on San Juan Hill to political victory
Roosevelt
Roosevelt served as vice president for _
McKinely
Roosevelt reversed the trend of _ presidents to become the first _ president
Weak
Modern
Roosevelt selected _ to head up the US forest service.
Gifford Pinchot
Resource management drew criticism from big business as well as from environmentalists such as _ of California
John Muir
Even though Congress had passed the Sherman antitrust act industrialist developed other methods of control such as _ companies
Holding
The public praised Roosevelt as a trustbuster for his action against the _ company
Northern securities
Roosevelt helped bring about a compromise between the _ and the mine owners
United mine workers
To consumer protection act supported by Roosevelt were the _ and the _
Meat inspection act of 1906
Pure food and drug act
_ was Roosevelt’s successor
Taft
In dealing with trusts Taft rejected compromise or accommodation in favor of _
Prosecution
Which happened first 1-4
_ supreme Court rules on northern security companies.
_President McKinley is assassinated.
_Roosevelt loses patience with Tafts lack of leadership.
_Roosevelt is held as a trustbuster
2supreme Court rules on northern security companies.
1 President McKinley is assassinated.
4 Roosevelt loses patience with Tafts lack of leadership.
3 Roosevelt is held as a trustbuster
Economic system in which individuals own business and can profit from labor of others
Capitalism
economic system in which businesses can be owned collectively by owners
Socialism
A group whose responsibility is to say that a company or companies is in compliance with existing laws
Regulatory commission
As governor of New Jersey, Wilson began destroying the_that had brought him to power
Political machine
In New Jersey, Wilson supported and 1_reform after another
Progressive
Wilsons 1912 election opponents were William H Taft_and_.
Eugene V Debs
Theodore Roosevelt
To regulate big business Roosevelt came up with a program that he called the_
New nationalism
Wilson wanted to dismantle big business he came up with a program that he called_
New freedom
Progressives attacked_because they protected businesses but increased consumer prices
Tariffs
Wilson established the_to provide a financial question against an economic downturn
Federal Reserve system
Congress established the_to stop unfair trading in business practices among companies
Federal trade commission
Wilson wanted workers to receive_for injuries on the job
Compensation
Write them in number order one through four
_Taft Roosevelt and Deb’s are defeated
_Wilson first promotes progressive reforms such as changes in election laws and regulations of utilities
_Wilson proposes a Federal Reserve system
_Wilson is elected governor of New Jersey
3 Taft Roosevelt and Deb’s are defeated
2 Wilson first promotes progressive reforms such as changes in election laws and regulations of utilities
4 Wilson proposes a Federal Reserve system
1 Wilson is elected governor of New Jersey
Society in which various racial ethnic and cultural groups or blended together
Melting pot
Accepting without challenge the realities of discrimination including Jim Crow laws voting restrictions and less desirable jobs
Accommodation
Effort to improve the human race by controlling reproduction
Eugenics
A policy of favoring nativeborn individuals over foreign-born ones
Nativism
_Laws in southern states and cities required segregation in many public places
Jim Crow
In the_case the Supreme Court ruled that separate segregated facilities were constitutional as long as they were equal
Plessy versus Ferguson
_Urged fellow African-Americans to adopt a policy of accommodation; _summoned African-Americans to demand equality at once
Washington
W EB Du Bois
People who opposed immigration begin calling for blank on immigration in the late 1840s
Restrictions
In 1917 Congress passed a law refusing entry to immigrants who could not pass a_
Literacy test
The largest labor organization the_did not trust government to act in labor’s interests
American Federation of labor
Blamed labor problems on owners and supported a factory safety lock. blamed a capitalist system of competition
Progressives
Socialists
Right number order one through three
_The industrial workers of the world parentheses (IWW) is formed
_the south begins passing racial segregation laws
_Congress passes a law to refuse immigrants over the age of 16 who cannot read or write
- The industrial workers of the world parentheses (IWW) is formed
- the south begins passing racial segregation laws
- Congress passes a law to refuse immigrants over the age of 16 who cannot read or write
what party was Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft?
Republican
what party was Woodrow Wilson?
democrat
what years was Theodore president?
1901-1909
when was William Taft president?
1909-1913
what years was Woodrow Wilson president?
1913-1921
what was Theodore Roosevelt campaign slogan?
square deal
what was Woodrow Wilson campaign slogan?
new freedom
Roosevelt background
wealthy, sickly, Harvard, banking(father), well toured
Taft background
lawyer, Yale, old and distinguished family, judge(father), wealthy
Wilson background
“Normal”, lower income family, professor, president @ Princeton, minister(father)
Roosevelt governmenet posts
governor of New York, police commissioner, assistant secretary of navy, VP of usa
Taft government posts
secritary of war, civilian governor of phillipens, federal judge, supremem court justice
wilsons government posts
governor of new jersey
characteristics of roosevelt
athletic, outdoors man, outspoken, level controversy
characteristics of taft
deliberate, cautious, lazy
characteristics of wilson
very intelligent, family man, dad first prez second
roosevelt foreign policy
“speak softly and carry a big stick”, US MUST police western hemisphere(Roosevelt corollary), panama canal, noble peace prize(aid in the Russo-Japanese war), accept responsibility of being a world power
taft foreign policy
“dollar diplomacy” urged Americans to invest abroad, sent marines to Nicaragua to enforce the roosevelt corollary
wilson foreign policy
‘watchful watching’, ‘moral policy’, first test=Mexico(chasing poncho villa shows us not ready for war), led us in 1st participation of world affairs(WWI), league of nation
Roosevelt reforms
Trust buster, women’s suffrage, conservation(Yosemite becomes 1st national park)
Taft reforms
More civil service, conservation, 16th amendment (income taxes)
Wilson reforms
Antitrust laws, FTC, child labor laws, 8 hour day for railroad workers, 17th amendment (direct election of senators)
Why were trusts good?
Availability of good, lower retail prices
Research, able to pay for it
What is the 19 amendment?
Gave women the right to vote
What is the 16th amendment?
Income tax
What is the 17th amendment?
Direct election of senators
W.E.B Du Bois
Went against racist, wants black rights
J.P. Morgan
Banking
Booker T Washington
Opened first black college. He was whites. It was completely segregated from the whites
Problems with cities
Slums, disease, overcrowded, bad working conditions, poor sanitation, factory pollution, increase in crime because people don’t have jobs, many unemployed
How were cities reformed?
Not many some; mass transportation added, created suburbs
Problem with politics
Corruption (bribery, control, favors) political machines (Tammany Hall)
How are politics reformed?
City commissioners, secret ballot, referendum / recall
Problem with industry/employment
Trusts, low wages, unhealthy working conditions, no benefits, long hours, child labor
How was industry reformed?
Government regulation of railroads Workmen’s Comp. (for some) Limited workday (mainly women: Mueller v Oregon)
Muller v. Oregon
Limit work day of women
Problems with education
Not aligned, no mandatory attendance
How was education reformed?
More schools being built, mandatory attendance, literacy rate went up, 75% in 1870 now in 1920 94%
Problems with child labor
Not in school, dangerous jobs, health issues, worked in coal mines causing curved backs
How was child labor reformed?
Protests, boycott of some products
What problems did women face?
No vote, exploitation
How were the problems women had reformed?
Temperance movement, some places allow women to vote (Wyoming), birth control from Margaret Sanger
What problems did African-American face?
Racism, discrimination, lynching, high unemployment
How were the problems African-Americans faced reformed?
Writing, NAACP (1909), national urban league (1910) – helped with housing
What immigrants were from the north west?
Old
What immigrants were from the south east?
New
Why did immigrants come to America more rapidly during the beginning of the 20th century?
Easier safer boats instead of two month journey now two weeks, safe speedy passage, low-cost, lots of advertising, collapse of peasant economy caused by the industrial revolution, economic better ship
Immigrants
Majority poor, uneducated, large minority refused to give up cultures, issues and sure, not treated well, disease ran rancid, has it is working conditions, no political voice, lived in overcrowded situations, rude so they act like a clan
Hunky
Hungarian Croatia people
Culture of 1900-10
Women often wear long dresses, hats with big feathers and corsets men usually war heavy dark suits and their hats would determine their class for example workers were flat hats, farmers were straw hats, Rich Worcel cats, middle-class war derbies, the nickelodeon would only cost a nickel and they were the processor of silent cinema there was also circuses and vaudeville Music included ragtime by Irving Berlin,there were also barbershop Harmony’s, toys included teddy bears kewpie dolls, popular sports included rustling, college football and baseball
Populist
A person of a political party trying to appeal to the greater need of the people. Woodrow Wilson did this he said he was just like them and wanted to end trusts. Taft also dos this but went back on it.
Who is Louis Brandeis?
Supreme Court justice elected by Woodrow Wilson
What is the WCTU and what does it stand for?
Women’s Christian temperance union. They were devoted to social reform that linked secular thoughts and religious thoughts.
State railroad commission
Regulates has and oil prices. Large trust
Trusts
Companies owning all parts of business or ganging together to make sure prices are high and they are paying low
John d. Rockefeller
American oil industry tycoon, considered wealthiest man ever. Bad person, many trusts, didn’t care about the safety of people
Unions
Industrial workers of the world (IWW), and United mine workers Group together so that way they could fight for what is right and what they want from the company to make sure that they got benefits from within themselves and so that way they could keep jobs
Socialist
Believe that the citizen should companies and that one should not profit that all should profit from organizations
Nativists
Believed that people who were born her had more privilege over those who immigrated here
